因子分析法的公众应急准备情况影响因素研究

摘要：目的　用因子分析方法探讨公众应急准备状态的影响因素。方法　随机选取４６８名黑龙江省哈尔滨
市居民为调查对象，调查可能影响公众应急准备状态的２３项因素，对２３项影响因素进行了初始因子分析
和方差最大旋转。结果　２３项影响因素间存在６个主要公因子，其中第１公因子主要反映的是公众学习应
急知识、参与应急培训演练、思考及探讨应急逃生计划等应急准备行为情况；第２公因子主要反映的是公
众对于突发事件、应急准备的认知情况；第３公因子主要反映的是公众对于生活工作学习的场所发生自然
灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生、社会安全类事件的可能性大小的判断情况；第４公因子主要反映的是公众对
增强风险意识、保持警惕、做好应急准备的重要性认识情况；第５公因子主要反映的是公众对应急内容、
掌握应急知识、技能以及探讨应急类话题的态度情况；第６公因子主要反映的是公众对于探讨应急类话题
的凶吉认识、应对突发事件责任认识等的应急心理情况。结论　加强公众的应急准备能力，需要从公众的
应急准备行为、应急认知、风险判断、风险意识、应急态度、应急心理等多个方面来进行干预。
关键词：因子分析；公众；应急准备情况；影响因素
中图分类号：Ｒ１９７　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０３ ０１６６ ０４

The research of influencing factors of public emergency preparedness based on a factor analysis method

Objective To explore the influencing factors of public emergency preparedness by factor analysis.Methods Four hundred and sixty-eight residents of Harbin city,Heilongjiang province,were randomly selected for the survey,the initial factor analysis and the varimax have been applied to the possible 6kinds of factors. Results There were 6kinds of common factors of all the possible 23influencing factors,the first common factor is mainly reflected in the preparedness behavior of public to learn emergency knowledge,participate in emergency training drills,think and discuss emergency evacuation plans;the second common factor is mainly reflected in the public perception for emergency preparedness;the third common factor is mainly reflected in the judgment of natural disasters,accidents,public health and social security;the fourth common factor is mainly reflected in the public′s cognitive of risk awareness,emergency preparedness;the fifth common factor is mainly reflected in the public′s attitude of emergency knowledge,skills and emergency issues.The last one primarily reflected the public knowledge toward different emergencies and their psychological preparedness for taking responsibility for emergency responds. Conclusions In order to strengthen the capacity of public emergency preparedness,multiple interventions as public action and attitude,cognitions and awareness, risk judgment as well as psychological preparedness for emergency events all need to be performed.