贵州省孕产妇艾滋病认知水平对预防艾滋病母婴传播的影响

摘要：目的　分析贵州省孕产妇艾滋病认知水平对预防艾滋病母婴传播的影响，为进一步降低艾滋病母婴
传播风险提供科学依据。方法　按照市、县、乡三级分层整群抽取贵州省４２所医疗保健机构，对就诊或住
院的１０２６名孕产妇进行问卷调查，了解孕产妇人口学特征、艾滋病认知水平、人类免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ）
检测情况等，用χ
２ 检验和非条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归方法对调查数据进行统计分析。结果　被调查孕产妇艾滋病
基础认知合格率为６９．０１％ （７０８／１０２６），传染途径知晓率为６１．４０％ （６３０／１０２６）；不同年龄、婚姻状况、
文化程度和收入之间孕产妇艾滋病基础认知和传染途径知晓水平差异有统计学意义（犘＜０．０１）；孕产妇知
晓ＨＩＶ 免费检测政策（犗犚＝４．１８）、知晓ＨＩＶ 母婴传播途径（犗犚＝４．７１）、进行ＨＩＶ 咨询（犗犚＝１８．４３）
和自我保护意识强（犗犚＝４．４８）是进行ＨＩＶ 检测的有利因素。结论　贵州省孕产妇艾滋病认知水平不高
是影响预防艾滋病母婴传播效果的重要因素；加强育龄妇女和孕妇艾滋病宣教及咨询工作可以提高孕产妇
ＨＩＶ 检测率和预防艾滋病母婴传播效果。
关键词：孕产妇；艾滋病；认知水平；母婴传播
中图分类号：Ｒ５１２．９１　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０４ ０３２０ ０４

Influence of HIV/AIDS awareness of pregnant women on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Guizhou

Objective To discuss the influence of HIV/AIDS awareness of pregnant women on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission（PMTCT）in Guizhou,and to provide scientific basis to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among total 1026outpatient and inpatient pregnant women collected from 42medical and health institutions selected using stratified cluster sampling method,which focused on information about their demographic characteristics,HIV/AIDS awareness status and HIV testing.Q-square test and unconditioned logistic regression method were used for data analysis. Results The awareness rates toward HIV/AIDS basic knowledge and transmission route were 69.01%and 61.40%,respectively,which significantly varied among women with different age,marital status,education and income（P＆lt;0.01）.Factors as knowing the free policy of HIV testing（OR=4.18）,the mother-to-child transmission route of HIV（OR=4.71）,as well as HIV consultation（OR=18.43）and a strong sense of self-protection（OR=4.48）were all closely related to PMTCT of HIV. Conclusions The relatively low HIV/AIDS awareness of pregnant women is the major factor influencing PMTCT of AIDS,therefore,raising the awareness by education and consultation is critical to PMTCT.