睡眠体位对睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者呼吸功能的影响

背景阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)低通气患者的呼吸紊乱严重度与睡眠体位有关,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)将OSA患者分为体位型和非体位型两种类型.目的比较体位型与非体位型OSA患者的临床特征,探讨睡眠体位与OSA患者呼吸功能的关系.设计以OSA患者为研究对象的观察对比研究.单位南京军区南京总医院的睡眠呼吸监测中心.对象选择1998-10/2002-05在南京军区南京总医院呼吸内科睡眠呼吸监测室就诊并行整夜多导睡眠仪检查的患者共225例.纳入标准①AHI≥l0次/h者,②平卧位及侧卧位睡眠时间≥30 min者,③年龄≥20岁者.排除标准①年龄＜20岁者,②患重大躯体疾病者.其中63例为体位型,162例为非体位型.方法所有患者均接受整夜多导睡眠仪检查,同时详询患者病史和进行体格检查,应用体积描计仪进行呼吸功能测定.比较体位型与非体位型两组患者的一般临床特征、肺功能参数及多导睡眠图资料.应用多元逐步回归分析探讨决定患者为体位型或非体位型的因子.主要观察指标主要结局两组患者的临床资料、多导睡眠图资料及肺功能比较.次要结局OSA患者的分型与临床资料各项目的相关性.结果225例OSA患者中体位型患者共63例(28%),体位组和非体位组患者体质量指数分别(27.97±3.21),(26.22±2.72)kg/m 2(t=3.977,P＜0.01).两组多导睡眠图资料比较,体质量指数匹配前除侧卧位睡眠时间、平卧位睡眠时间、侧卧位最低血氧饱和度及基础血氧饱和度外,其他项目两组间差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05或P＜0 01);匹配后除两组夜间肢体运动次数差异无显著意义外,其余结果与原始组比较结果相同.两组肺功能参数间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).多元逐步回归分析显示,决定为体位或非体位患者的主要因子为AHI和体质量指数,两因子的预测能力为26.2%;直线相关分析结果表明,在全组及非体位组患者,睡眠呼吸紊乱度(AHI及血氧饱和度)与体质量指数显著相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而在体位组,两者无相关关系(P＞0.05).结论约1/3的OSA患者可归类为体位型,这类患者应对睡眠姿势训练治疗反应良好,可以保留足够的上气道通畅性,减轻睡眠呼吸阻塞程度,改善患者的呼吸功能.

Influence of sleep position on respiratory function of patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),the degree of severity of OSA is mostly related to the sleep time spent in the supine position. According to the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI), positional and n onpositional OSA has been distinguished.OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical characteristics of positional and nonpositional OSA and investigatethe relationship between sleep position and respiratory function of patients with OSA.DESIGN: A comparative clinica] observation based on the OSA patients.SETTING: Center of Sleep Disorders,Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: From October 1998 to May 2002,225 patients were examined with overnight polysomnography in the Center of Sleep Disorders,Department of Respiratory Disease, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command. According to the inclusion criteria of ① AHI≥10 times/hour;② Sleep time in supine and lateral positions≥30 minutes; ③ Over 20years of age; 225 patients were selected from the total of 415 consecutive patients,including 63 with positional and 162 with nonpositional OSA.METHODS: All patients received overnight monitoring with HMS-5500polysomnography system(Respironics Inc USA) in the sleep laboratory. Queries for a detailed case history and physical examination were performed with the pulmonary functions evaluated with body p lethysmography. The clinical data and results of polysomnographic and pulmonary function tests were compared between the two groups of patients and a multiple stepwise regression analysis was employed to evaluate the determinant factors for sleep position dependence of the patients' condition.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome: Comparisons of the clinical data,polysomnographic result and pulmonary function between the two groups. Secondary outcome: Correlation between classification of OSA and the clinical data.RESULTS: Totally 63 (28%) of the 225 OSA patients were identified as the positional type,who had significantly greater body mass index (BMI)then the nonpositional type patients (43.46 ± 16.43) kg/m2 vs (23.90 ± 12.36) kg/m2,t =3. 977,P<0.01]. Except for sleeping time in lateral and supine positions, minimal SatO2 and basic SatO2 before the matching for BMI,all the other factors in polysomnograms of the two groups were significant different(P<0.05 or P<0.01). After BMI matching,all the measurements were identical to those recorded for the primary grouping with the exception of nocturnal limb movement frequency,which differed but insignificant between the two groups. The pulmonary function in the two groups was no significant difference(P>0.05) . Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that AHI and BMI were the two determinant factors for positional dependence of OSA with a predictive power of 26. 2%. Linear correlation analysis showed correlation of AHI and SatO2 with BMI in the whole group and nonpositional group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but not in the positional group (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: About one-third of the OSA patients shows sleep position dependence,who may respond favorably to sleep position training. Sufficient patency can be retained in the upper airway of these patients to relieve respiratory obstruction during sleep and improve the respiratory function.