2005~2014年吉林省流行性出血热流行特征分析

目的  通过分析吉林省近10年流行性出血热（EHF）的流行病学特征，了解疾病发展态势，为该病预防控制提供建议和依据。 方法  收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统2005~2014年吉林省流行性出血热（EHF）发病信息并进行统计分析。 结果  10年间，2005年发病率最高，之后总体呈逐年下降趋势，2011年发病率达到最低。发病时间呈现两个高峰，高发月份为4~6月和11~1月。各市（州）均有病例报告，2005年发病率排名前3位的地区分别为延边朝鲜族自治州、白山市、吉林市。2014年为白城市、通化市、辽源市。各年龄组人群均有发病报告，其中男性发病人数均多于女性，主要集中在30~59岁年龄组，职业以农民为主。 结论  吉林省近几年流行性出血热（EHF）发病率有增加趋势，发病年龄后移，发病地区有从农村向城市、从东向西发展的趋势。各相关部门应加强对高发地区和发病率上升地区的高危人群的监测工作，并在高发季节来临前做好宣传和环境整治等工作。

Analysis on the endemic characteristics of the epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2014

Objective  To analyze the endemic characteristics and development trend of the epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF) in Jilin province for evidences to plan appropriate control and prevention measures for this entity. Methods  The epidemic data on EHF in Jilin province from 2005 to 2014 was retrieved from the reporting system of national CDC and statistically analyzed. Results  Incidence of EHF in Jilin province was peaked in 2005 and declined to the lowest in 2011. The peak incidence was seen in between April and June as well as from November to following January. EHF was prevalent nearly in each city and autonomous prefecture in a 10 year period. The top three hit areas included Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Baishan city and Jilin city in 2005, and Baicheng, Tonghua and Liaoyuan in 2014. Although EHF was reported in all age groups, yet males were more affected than females. The incidence was primarily between 30 and 59 years of age, and farmers accounted for the major population. Conclusion  The incidence of EHF in Jin Jilin province appears to increase in the past few years in general, and older population seems more affected. Geographical trend for the disease includes a notable shift from rural to urban areas and from east areas to the west. These findings suggest that relevant administrations should strengthen the surveillance over the population living in the highest endemic areas and in those areas with increasing morbidity, as well as plan health education and environment control before the seasonal prevalence of EHF.