中国农村已婚妇女社会性别意识、家庭事务决策及孕产期保健状况调查

目的了解中国农村地区已婚妇女对社会性别平等的认识、家庭决策权状况及其对孕产期保健服务利用的影响。方法2004年11-12月在河北、湖北和四川省的3个联合国人口基金项目县,对1227名有0～7岁孩子的妇女进行面对面问卷调查。调查对象采用多阶段整群抽样方法获得。结果65．1％的妇女社会性别平等的认识情况较差或一般,593％的妇女认为“丈夫的健康比妻子更重要”,39.7％的妇女同意“男人比女人更适合做领导”。46．2％的家庭是夫妻共同当家,16．2％是妇女自己当家。67.1％的妇女在平时花钱买东西时需要征得丈夫同意。当夫妻间意见不一致时,20．5％的妇女回答总是按照丈夫的意见来办理,17．4％的妇女大多数情况下按照自己的意见来处理。总的来讲,64．1％的调查对象家庭决策权较小或属于中等水平。91.0％的妇女存孕期做过产前检查;在做过产前检查的妇女中,65．3％的妇女在孕早期进行了第一次产前检查,39．7％的妇女接受了5次及以上产前检查。妇女住院分娩率是59．3％。妇女对社会性别平等的认识情况、对妇女的产前检查服务利用情况没有明显作用,但影响妇女的住院分娩。文化程度是影响妇女孕产期保健服务利用的重要因素,对产前检查服务的利用和住院分娩都有显著作用。结论应提高农村妇女的社会性别平等意识和家庭地位,改善孕产期保健服务利用情况。

Study on the perception of gender role and decision-making regarding family affairs among marriedwomen and its impact on the utilization of perinatal Care

Objective To understand the perception on roles of gender and decision-making regarding family affairs among married women and its impact on the utilization of perinatal care. Methods Clustering sampling was conducted to select 1227 married women with at least a child aged from 0 to 7 years old, from Hebei, Hubei and Sichuan provinces. All women were interviewed using a uniform questionnaire during Nov. -Dec. 2004. Results The overall proportion of women who had relatively poor perception of gender role was 65.1%. 59.3 % of the women agreed that" husband' s health is more important than wife's in the family" versus 39. 7% of interviewed women agreed that"man is more suitable for leadership than woman". In 46.2% of the families, wife and husband shared the responsibility of decision making on family affairs. In 16. 2 % of the families women played a decisive role, while 67.1% of interviewed women had to get the approval of her husband when spending money on daily necessities. When there were different opinions between the couples, husband ususlly made the final decision in 20.5 % of all the families versus 17.4% of families where wife made the final decision. In total,the proportion of women who had somehow rights on family affairs was 64.1% . The coverage rate of antenatal care was 91.0%,and 65.3% women who received antenatal care got the first antenatal visit during the first trimester and the proportion of women who had at least five antenatal visits was 39.7%. The institutional delivery was 59. 3 % among all the women. Perception of gender role was not a predictor for antenatal care utilization, but it was predictive of institutional delivery. Education was quite a significant predictor on perinatal care utilization. Conclusion Efforts should be strengthened to improve women's awareness and to increase their perception on gender role in the families so that more women could achieve quality perinatal care.