我国流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征及其防控策略分析

摘要:目的　分析我国流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征、发生和流行的主要影响因素，总结防控工作经验，为制定全国统一的流行性腮腺炎预防控制策略提供参考。方法　通过文献复习并结合工作实践，进行综述。结果　我国流行性腮腺炎疫情总体呈现高度散发和局部暴发并存状态；发病以＜15岁的学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童为主；学校是流行性腮腺炎暴发的主要场所；含腮腺炎成分疫苗接种率低，且接种1剂次疫苗的保护效果不稳定，可能是造成流行性腮腺炎发生流行的主要因素。结论　制定全国统一的流行性腮腺炎防控策略，提高相关疫苗的接种率和接种剂次，加强学校疫情监测控制，采取综合防控措施是最终消除流行性腮腺炎的关键。

Epidemiological features and prevention strategies of mumps in China

Abstract: Objective The paper aims to analyze the main factors influencing domestic mumps in terms of epidemiological characteristics, occurrence and prevalence, then conclude the prevention and control work experience, and provide basis for the related prevention and control strategy. Methods Literature reviews were made on the basis of analysis of literature and work experience. Results Domestic mumps generally present highly distributional and localized outbreaks; The main disease groups are students, nursery children and scattered children under the age of 15; The main place of the outbreak is school; The main reason of mumps outbreak may be low vaccination rate of mumps and unstable effect of one single vaccination. Conclusion The key measures to eliminate mumps are to take comprehensive measures, including formulating the national strategies for the prevention and control of mumps, improving the rate of vaccination and inoculation time, strengthening the monitoring and control of the epidemic in school.