福州市哺乳期妇女膳食营养调查研究

摘要:目的　了解福州乳母的膳食营养状况，为相关健康指导及策略的实施提供基线资料。方法　采用整群随机抽样的方法，抽取福州市的仓山区，随机抽取3个街道，每街道抽取两岁以下儿童的母亲80名，共240名，对其进行膳食问卷调查。统计分析各类食物的平均摄入量，三大产能营养素日均摄入量以及部分微量元素的日均摄入量，并与标准的RNI/AI值进行比较。结果　产褥期妇女粮谷薯类、蔬菜和水果的摄入量低于本地非产褥期乳母及中山产褥期妇女，而豆类、坚果和乳类的摄入量高于本地非产褥期乳母及中山产褥期妇女，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。产褥期妇女能量、蛋白质、脂肪、胆固醇的摄入高于非产褥期乳母，而碳水化合物、膳食纤维、摄入量低于非产褥期乳母，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。产褥期妇女的钙、维生素A、维生素B6、叶酸及维生素C摄入量低于非产褥期乳母，而锌、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸及维生素E的摄入高于非产褥期乳母，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　福州市仓山地区哺乳期妇女膳食结构有待改善。

Investigation on dietary nutrition of the lactating women in Fuzhou

Abstract: Objective To investigate the food structure and dietary nutrition of the lactating women in Fuzhou, and to provide the scientific basis for the implementation of relevant health guidance and strategies. Methods Using the stratified cluster random sampling method in Fuzhou-Cangshan region, 3 random sampled streets were selected as the survey spots, and each street extracted 80 mothers whose children were under 2 years old (total 240 mothers) as the respondents on the questionnaire of nutrition dietary survey. Results Puerperal women's intake of grain varieties, vegetables and fruits was lower than the local non-puerperal breast-feeding women in Fuzhou and Zhongshan puerperal women, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the intake of beans, nuts and milk product was higher than them, and the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.05). In Fuzhou, puerperal women and non-puerperal breast-feeding women daily intake of energy, protein, fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates and dietary fiber had statistical significance (P<0.05). The daily intakes of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, folic acid and vitamin C were in difference, and puerperal women's intake was lower than non- puerperal women and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). On the contrary, the daily intakes of Zinc, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid and vitamin E intake were higher than non-puerperals, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion In Fuzhou, nursing mothers' food structure and dietary nutrition need to be improved.