贵阳市城乡青少年营养状况调查

摘要:目的　通过膳食营养调查了解贵阳城市、农村青少年膳食营养状况，反映青少年膳食营养状况的地区差异。方法　对贵阳城、乡共1 080名初中学生进行膳食营养调查，应用24 h回顾法采集学生连续3 d的膳食摄入数据，实地测量身高、体重，应用身高标准体重法对营养状况进行评价。结果　贵阳城乡青少年谷薯类摄入量较为合理（日均摄入290.00～351.94 g），城市地区豆类（日均摄入19.60～21.00 g）、乳类（日均摄入139.75～152.08 g）摄入量较低，农村地区乳类、蔬菜、水果等食物摄入量均低于推荐值；两地区能量（日均摄入2 040.96～2 443.15 kcal）、蛋白质（日均摄入47.62～75.12 g）等营养素摄入偏低；两地区三餐热能分配不合理；城市地区整体营养状况优于农村地区，城市营养状况正常占69%，农村营养状况正常仅占52%。结论　贵阳城乡青少年膳食结构仍有待完善，应加强对青少年及家长的营养教育，特别是在农村地区，应指导学生改善不良的饮食习惯，均衡各类食物的摄入比例。

The survey on dietary and nutritional status of adolescents in urban and rural Guiyang

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary and nutritional status of middle school students in urban and rural areas of Guiyang. Methods The "24 Hours Dietary Recall" was adopted to reflect the dietary condition. Height, weight, and weight for height were adopted to evaluate the nutritional status among 1080 middle school students. Results In both areas, students had normal intake of cereal (daily intake was 290.00g-351.94g). Urban students' intake of beans (daily intake was 19.60g-21.00g) and milk (daily intake was 139.75g-152.08g) was low, while rural students' intake of milk, vegetable and fruits was low. Energy (daily intake was 2040.96kcal-2443.15kcal), protein (daily intake was 47.62g-75.12g) and other nutrient intakes were low in both areas. Energy distribution in meals was unreasonable in both areas, but protein sources were reasonable. Nutritional status for urban students was better than that for rural students. Conclusion Students' nutritional status in both areas was not ideal. The nutrition awareness of students and their parents should be enhanced. Some effectual nutrition intervention measures should be adopted to improve the nutrition and health levels among adolescents.