云南省纳西族村民高血压患病率及自我管理现状分析

摘要:目的　分析云南省纳西族村民高血压患病率和自我管理现状。方法　采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取1402名≥35岁的纳西族村民进行问卷调查和现场体检。结果　玉龙县纳西族村民的高血压患病率为27.0%（男性为24.7%，女性为28.9%）。高血压的患病率随着年龄的增加而增加（P＜0.01），而文化程度越低者、综合社会经济地位越低者其高血压的患病率越高（P＜0.01）。纳西族高血压患者的按医嘱服药率、采取降压措施率及按医嘱测血压率分别为35.2%、45.5%和30.4%，仅有6.6%的患者经常与医生交流病情。高血压患者随年龄的增加按医嘱服药的依从性越高（P＜0.05）；文化程度越高者其按医嘱服药和测血压的依从性就越高（P＜0.01）。结论　纳西族村民高血压患病率和自我管理存在着明显的社会经济差异。应重点加强低文化水平和低社会经济地位村民的健康教育，从而降低高血压的患病率和提高其高血压的自我管理水平。

Analysis on socioeconomic differences in hypertension prevalence and self-management among Naxi ethnic minority in Yunnan province

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to analyze socioeconomic differences in the prevalence and self-management of hypertension among Naxi ethnic minority in Yulong county of Yunnan province. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to select a representative sample of 1402 Naxi ethnic minority aged 35 and above from Yulong county. Information was obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire and health examination survey. Results In the study population, the overall prevalence of hypertension was 27.0% (24.7% for males and 28.9% for females). Prevalence of hypertension increased with age (P<0.01), whereas individuals with lower levels of education and lower socioeconomic status had higher prevalence of hypertension (P<0.01). In hypertensive subjects, the rates for compliance of prescribed medicine, taking measures to lower blood pressure, and self-measuring blood pressure were 35.2%, 45.5% and 30.4%, respectively. And only 6.6% of hypertensive patients communicated with doctors about their illness conditions. The compliance of prescribed medicine increased with increasing age (P<0.05), and education level was positively associated with compliance of prescribed medicine and blood pressure measurement (P<0.01). Conclusion There were significant socioeconomic differences in prevalence and self-management of hypertension among Naxi ethnic minority. Future health education programs should focus more on individuals with lower levels of education and lower socioeconomic status, so as to reduce the prevalence of hypertension and improve self-management ability in hypertensive subjects.