母亲KAP模式干预对婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的影响研究

摘要:目的　了解母亲KAP（知识、态度、行为）对缺铁性贫血婴幼儿的影响，为防治婴幼儿缺铁性贫血提供理论依据。方法　对2013年3月-2014年8月武汉市儿保门诊首次进行规范化健康体检的1858例6月龄至36月龄婴幼儿抽取血红蛋白检测并对其母亲进行问卷调查，了解母亲KAP水平，予以教育指导及知识、态度、行为干预后再次进行KAP问卷调查。结果　婴幼儿缺铁性贫血发生率31.3％。母亲中普遍存在缺铁性贫血知识欠缺，对铁缺乏及其引起的疾病等知识贫乏，喂养行为不科学，尤其在母乳喂养、合理添加辅食、系统学习科学育儿知识等方面掌握明显不足，造成婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的发生。而对母亲进行喂养方式、食物提供及健康教育指导后，婴幼儿缺铁性贫血情况明显改善，婴幼儿缺铁性贫血发生率17.5％。结论　应开展多层面的婴幼儿缺铁性贫血知识专项宣传，提高母亲对贫血的认知水平，从饮食理念、饮食行为、饮食态度等方面改善母亲的喂养习惯，并要求其长期保持，以此逐步地养成其良好的饮食习惯，降低婴幼儿缺铁性贫血发生率。

The effects of mother's KAB on infants with iron deficiency anemia

Abstract: Objective This work was to investigate the effect of mother's KAB (knowledge, attitude, behavior) on infants with iron deficiency anemia, to provide the theoretical basis for preventing infant iron deficiency anemia. Methods Blood samples were withdrawn from a total of 1858 infants between 6 and 36 month old during their first standard physical examination in Wuhan and checked for hemoglobin during March 2013 ~ August 2014. A questionnaire survey was conducted to infants' mothers for their KAP level. Such KAP survey was conducted again after the mothers have received related guidance and intervention. Results The incidence of the iron deficiency anemia among the infants was 31.3%. Mothers commonly lacked the knowledge on iron deficiency anemia and related diseases. Unscientific feeding behavior was also common, especially breast feeding, complementary feeding, systematic knowledge on child rearing. After mothers received guidance for feeding manner, food offering and health education, the situation of the infant's anemia was significantly improved and the incidence was reduced to 17.5%. Conclusion Education on infant's iron deficiency anemia should be strengthened to improve mothers' cognition level and feeding habits, including feeding concept, feeding behavior and feeding attitude. Mothers should stick to good feeding habit so as to reduce the incidence of infant's iron deficiency anemia.