某中学1起甲3型流行性感冒暴发疫情调查

摘要:目的　分析某起流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征，探讨暴发原因，为提出防控措施提供科学依据。方法　采用现场流行病学调查方法，采集咽拭子标本开展病毒核酸检测，确定疫情的流行强度和暴发原因。结果　该次疫情持续约20 d，累计发病53例，罹患率为3.84（53/1380），12例患者咽拭子标本结果为6份甲3型阳性和6份阴性。首发病例及续发病例带病上课、教室无定期通风、同一寝室多班级学生混住和流感疫苗免疫空白是引起本次疫情暴发的主要原因。结论　严格执行晨检和因病缺勤追因制度，及时隔离治疗病人，教室和宿舍定期开窗通风，保持室内空气新鲜，加强对学生洗手宣传，养成良好个人卫生习惯，积极推广流感疫苗的预防接种工作，以上综合措施是学校流感疫情防控的有效对策。

Investigation and analysis of an outbreak of influenza A3 at a high school

Abstract: Objective The study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of influenza A3 and investigated the causes, aiming to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and control of influenza epidemic. Methods Epidemiological field investigation approaches was adopted to detect the presence of viral nucleic acid in throat swab specimens and to determine the intensity and cause of the outbreak. Results The outbreak lasted for 20 days and affected a total of 53 cases, resulting in an incidence of 3.84 (53/1380). Test results of 12 throat swab specimens indicated 6 A3-positive and 6 A3-negative cases. The major causes of the outbreak were primary and secondary cases attending school, no regular ventilation in classrooms, sharing accommodation with students from different classes, and no flu vaccine immunization. Conclusion Comprehensive measures such as strictly enforcing morning check-up and reporting of reasons for absence due to illness, timely isolating patients under treatment, regularly ventilating classrooms and dormitories, keeping classrooms under fresh air, enhancing the education on hand washing, developing good personal hygiene practices, and actively promoting the immunization of flu vaccines are effective strategies against flu outbreaks at schools.