血液透析护士工作投入的潜在剖面及其影响因素分析

目的 探索血液透析护士工作投入的异质性和影响因素，为护理管理者采取措施提高血液透析护士工作投入提供参考。方法 采用一般资料调查表、工作投入量表和NASA任务负荷指数量表对广东省650名血液透析护士进行问卷调查。对血液透析护士的工作投入特征进行潜在剖面分析，并通过单因素分析和无序多分类logistic回归分析探讨不同潜在剖面的影响因素。结果 获得有效样本585人。血液透析护士工作投入和任务负荷得分分别为(3.54±1.44)分、(64.20±15.00)分。工作投入可分为3个潜在剖面，包括低投入-低专注组(23.3%)、中投入-低专注组(34.5%)、高投入-高奉献组(42.2%)。无序多分类logistic回归分析结果显示，任务负荷得分、护士层级、职务、对工作满意度及是否为血液净化专科护士是工作投入潜在剖面的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 血液透析护士工作投入特征存在异质性，护理管理者可根据血液透析护士的不同工作投入特征及其影响因素，采取有针对性的措施，以提高血液透析护士的工作投入和护理服务质量。

Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of work engagement of hemodialysis nurses

Objective To explore heterogeneity in hemodialysis nurses′ work engagement and the influencing factors in order to provide a reference for nursing managers to take measures aiming at improving the work engagement of hemodialysis nurses. Methods Totally, 650 hemodialysis nurses in Guangdong Province were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Work Engagement Scale, and the NASA Task Load Index（NASA-TLX）. Latent profile analysis was run to identify profiles of work engagement of the nurses. The influencing factors of different profiles were examined by univariate analysis and multinominal logistic regression analysis. Results Totally, 585 valid questionnaires were collected. The status of work engagement of hemodialysis nurses was divided into 3 profiles, including the low engagement and low absorption group (23.3%), the moderate engagement and low absorption group (34.5%) and the high engagement and high dedication group (42.2%). The results of multinominal analysis showed that task load scores, nurse′s job level, job position, job satisfaction and whether being hemodialysis specialist were influencing factors of latent profiles of work engagement (all P.<0.05). Conclusion The work engagement of hemodialysis nurses is heterogeneous, and nurse managers should take targeted measures according to different characteristics of work engagement and the influencing factors in order to improve work engagement of hemodialysis nurses and the quality of nursing care.