1980-1989年和2001-2013年台州市狂犬病的流行特征比较分析

摘要:目的　对台州市1980-1989年和2001-2013年狂犬病的流行特征进比较分析，了解2次疫情的异同，为当地制定狂犬病防制措施提供依据。方法　描述1980-1989年和2001-2013年台州市狂犬病的流行概况、三间分布等流行病学特征。结果　与1980-1989年相比，2001-2013年狂犬病的流行时间从3年增至10年以上；流行强度增至0.47/10万；疫情从37.5%县（市、区）和5.0%乡镇扩大至88.9%县（市、区）和44.3%乡镇；暴露动物从犬、鼠增至犬、猫、猪；伤害部位以手足部位最常见；64.0%伤口未处理，20.0%处理不彻底；全程狂犬疫苗接种率亦低（4.0%）。结论　宠养犬数量增多，犬类免疫率低是2001-2013年狂犬病流行强度增强与暴露动物增多的主要原因。提示当地部门需要提高狂犬疫苗接种率和伤口规范处理的知识水平。

Comparative analysis of epidemiological characteristics of two epidemic periods of rabies in Taizhou prefecture

Abstract: Objective This work aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics of rabies during 1980~1989 and 2001~2013 in Taizhou prefecture, so as to provide evidence for rabies prevention and control. Methods The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rabies in Taizhou prefecture was described. Results The epidemic period of rabies increased from 3 years to 10 years. The highest annual incidence increased from 0.32/100000 to 0.47/100000. The impacted areas expanded from about 37.5% of the total counties (city, district) and 5% of the total townships to about 88.9% of counties and 44.3% of townships. The exposed animals expanded from dogs and rats to dogs, cats and pigs. Most woulds occurred to hands and feet. 64% of wounds were untreated, and 20% of wounds were treated incompletely. The full vaccination rate of rabies were 4%. Conclusion The increase of home-kept dogs and low immunization rate of dogs were the main reasons of the increase of rabies incidence. The local government need to improve the rate of rabies vaccination among dogs. The related staff should strengthen their ability of would treatment by adhering to the standard procedures.