2011-2013年大学新生健康体检结果分析

摘要:目的　了解大学新生入学健康状况，确定高校卫生工作防治重点，为作好高校卫生保健工作提供健康信息。方法　采用多阶段抽样方法，随机抽取昆明市某2所高校，整群抽取该2所高校2011-2013年全部入学新生15693名，对其进行健康体检。结果　受检的15693名学生中近视学生有13285人，患病率为84.66%，女生的近视率高于男生（χ2＝159.88，P值＜0.05）。高尿酸血症者为980人，患病率为6.24%，男生的高尿酸血症患病率为14.79%，女生为1.04%，男生高尿酸血症的患病率高于女生（χ2＝1192.753，P值＜0.05）。转氨酶升高者为272人，患病率为1.73%，其中男性转氨酶升高率为3.36%，女生转氨酶升高率为0.74%，男生高于女生（χ2＝149.527，P值＜0.05）。结论　昆明市高校中新生的近视、高尿酸血症及转氨酶升高现象十分普遍，其患病率仍较高，应引起教育部门和卫生部门的重视，应加强学校的卫生保健工作。

Analysis on the physical examination results of freshmen from 2011 to 2013

Abstract: Objective The objective of this study was to understand the health status of college freshmen, in order to determine the focus of college health prevention and provide health information for the university health care. Methods The study used the way of multistage sampling. First, random sampling was performed in two universities. Then cluster sampling was performed including all the freshmen from 2011 to 2013. All freshmen accepted physical examination. Results The results showed that the number of hypertension was only 16 in internal medicine examination. The number of myopia students was 13285, accounting for 84.66%. The prevalence rate of myopia in female was higher than that in male (χ2=159.88, P-value<0.05). The number of hyperuricemia students was 980, accounting for 6.24%. Prevalence rate of hyperuricemia in male was 14.8% and that in female was 1.04%. Prevalence rate of male was higher than female (χ2=1192.753, P-value<0.05). The transaminase of 272 students elevated, accounting for 1.73%. The rate of elevated transaminase was higher in boys than girls (χ2=149.527, P-value<0.05). Conclusion The phenomena of myopia, hyperuricemia, elevated transaminase in adolescents was becoming more common. Attention should be paid. The school's health care should be emphasized.