昆明市空巢家庭与核心家庭成员心理健康状况的研究

摘要:目的　探讨空巢家庭与核心家庭成员的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法　采用随机抽样与典型抽样相结合的方法抽取昆明市4个社区的空巢家庭和核心家庭成员，用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对其进行测评。结果　空巢家庭成员的SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫、抑郁和恐怖因子的得分高于核心家庭成员（P＜0.05）；女性的SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子的得分高于男性（P＜0.05）；不同文化程度的家庭成员间的SCL-90总分及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子的得分有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；患慢性病的家庭成员的SCL-90总分及各因子的得分均高于未患慢性病的家庭成员（P＜0.05）；伤残的家庭成员除偏执因子外，其余各因子及SCL-90总分得分均高于未伤残的家庭成员（P＜0.05）。结论　空巢家庭成员的心理健康水平低于核心家庭成员，性别、文化程度、慢性病、伤残等因素对家庭成员的心理健康有影响。

Analysis on mental health of members of empty-nest and nuclear family,Kunming

Abstract:Objective To explore the mental health status and influential factors of members of empty-nest and nuclear families. Methods The combined principles of random and typical sampling were used to select members of empty-nest and nuclear families from four communities in Kunming and surveyed by symptom check list-90（SCL-90）. Results Compared with members of nuclear families, members of empty-nest families had higher scores in total score of SCL-90, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression and phobia anxiety (P<0.05). The female in total score of SCL-90, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety and phobia anxiety were higher than those of male (P<0.05). The scores in total score of SCL-90, somatization, depression, anxiety and phobia anxiety were statistically significant between members with different education background (P<0.05). Members with chronic disease had higher scores in all factors and total score of SCL-90 than those without chronic disease (P<0.05). Compared with the normal, the disabled had higher scores in total scores of SCL-90 and factors except paranoid ideation (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health level of empty-nest family members was lower than that of nuclear family members, and it was influenced by gender, education background, chronic disease and disability.