动车组空调通风系统送风卫生状况调查

摘要:目的　调查动车组空调通风系统送风中空气质量状况，探讨其影响因素。方法　检测动车组空调送风中空气卫生指标，分析其卫生状况及影响因素。结果　出乘前组PM10、细菌总数和真菌总数的合格率均为100.00%，平均浓度分别为0.055 mg/m3、120 CFU/m3、148 CFU/m3；出乘组PM10、细菌总数和真菌总数的合格率分别为81.0%、78.6%和89.7%，平均浓度分别为0.091 mg/m3、545 CFU/m3、335 CFU/m3。出乘组PM10和细菌总数合格率低于出乘前组（χ2＝9.333和10.723，P＜0.01），PM10、细菌总数和真菌总数平均浓度高于出乘前组（t＝24.573、4.082和3.400，P＜0.01）。京沪高铁组PM10的合格率高于济青客专组（χ2＝5.975，P＜0.05），平均浓度低于济青客专组（t＝2.159，P＜0.05）；细菌总数平均浓度随着运行时间延长显著增高（t＝3.223，P＜0.05）；PM10和细菌总数平均浓度随着使用年限延长显著增高（t＝5.965和2.723，P＜0.05）。结论　动车组运行线路、使用年限和连续运行时间等因素影响送风中空气质量，应针对不同影响因素采取相应的清洗消毒措施。

Survey on the Hygiene of EMU Air Conditioning of Central Ventilation System

Abstract: Objective This work was to investigate the hygiene status of EMU air conditioning of central ventilation system, and to discuss the influencing factors. Methods The health indicators of the EMU ventilation system were tested. The hygiene status was evaluated and influencing factors were explored. Results For the control group, the pass rates of PM10, total bacteria count and total fungi count were all 100%, with the average concentration of 0.055mg/m3, 120CFU/m3, 148CFU/m3, respectively. For the operation group, the respective pass rate of PM10, total bacteria and fungi was 81.0%, 76.6%, 89.0%, with the average concentration of 0.091mg/m3, 545CFU/m3, 335CFU/m3, respectively, all higher than those of the control group (χ2=9.333 and 10.723, P<0.01). The PM10 pass rate of Jing-hu high-speed rail line was higher than the Ji-qing passenger line (χ2=5.975, P<0.05); and the average concentration was lower than the Ji-qing passenger line (t=3.223, P<0.05); the average total count of bacteria had an increasing tendency with running time and the service life of EMU. The average concentration of PM10 and bacteria count significantly increased (t=5.965 and 2.723, P<0.05). Conclusion Factors such as EMU running lines, EMU operation duration etc. can affect the air quality of the ventilation system. Cleaning and disinfection measures should be based on the different factors of EMU.