长治市幼儿园学龄前儿童营养膳食调查

摘要:目的　为了解长治市某省级示范幼儿园学龄前儿童的营养膳食摄入情况，并对营养膳食调查结果进行评价与分析，为进一步合理编制营养膳食食谱与营养配餐指导提供科学依据。方法　对省级示范幼儿园1周（5 d）的膳食利用称重法与记账法并结合询问法进行调查记录，统一采用集体学龄前儿童健康管理系统，利用营养膳食计算机软件进行数据分析。结果　能量（88.7%）、蛋白质（89.8%）摄入量略低，维生素B2（74.2%）、维生素C（80.2%）摄入量偏低，而钙（67.9%）、锌（65.5%）摄入量严重不足；三大产能营养素供能比分别为蛋白质14.1%，脂肪38.1%，糖类47.8%，脂肪摄入量偏高，糖类偏低，而优质蛋白质（45.2%）摄入量符合供给标准，营养合理；蛋白质来源于动物性食物比例不足（40.3%），除维生素A外，钙、铁、维生素B2均来源于植物性食物，脂肪主要来源于植物油，儿童超重率为10.2%，肥胖率为3.1%，龋齿率为36.7%、弱视率为6.1%，而贫血检出率为3.5%；以上结果均从体格检查与营养指标测定结果中得到证实。结论　基于幼儿园食谱存在的问题，根据合理营养、平衡膳食原则和学龄前儿童的生理特点，应加强幼儿园营养膳食管理，优化食谱，提高学龄前儿童的营养状况，确保学龄前儿童健康快乐发育成长。

Investigation on dietary nutrition of preschool children in a kindergarten of Changzhi City

Abstract: Objective To understand the status on dietary nutrition of preschool children in provincial demonstration kindergarten in Changzhi City, and to evaluate and analyze the results of the intake of nutrition, and dietary surveys, so as to provide scientific evidences for making reasonable dietary nutrition recipes and nutrition guides. Methods The provincial demonstration kindergarten 1 W (5 d) diet was investigated by the method of weight, accounting and combination with questionnaires, then we used the health management system of preschool children and analyzed the data by the computer software of dietary nutrition. Results The intakes of energy and protein were slightly low, 88.7% and 89.8% respectively. The intakes of vitamin B2 and vitamin C were low, 74.2% and 80.2% respectively. The intakes of calcium and zinc were seriously low, 67.9% and 65.5% respectively. The contents of three powerful nutrients of protein, fat and sugar were 14.1%, 38.1% and 47.8%, respectively. The intake of fat was high, the intake of sugar was low, and the intake of good quality protein was high with 45.2%, so the nutrition was reasonable. The ratio of protein from animals was low with 40.3%. In addition to vitamin A, calcium, iron, and vitamin B2 were all from plant food. Fat mainly came from plant oil, and the overweight rate of children was 10.2%, the rate of obesity was 3.1%, the rate of dental problems was 36.7%, the rate of amblyopia was 6.1% and the rate of anemia was 3.5%. The above results were confirmed from the results of physical examinations and nutritional indexes. Conclusion Based on the problems existed in the kindergarten recipes, and according to the principles of reasonable nutrition, dietary balance and physiological characteristics of preschool children in kindergartens, we should strengthen the management of nutrition diet, optimize the recipes, and improve the nutritional status of preschool children and ensure the healthy and happy growth.