长学制医学生同理心现状调查及影响因素初探

摘要:目的　了解长学制医学生同理心水平的现状及可能的影响因素。方法　回译同理心量表（JSPE-S）结合相关调查问卷在374名长学制医学生中展开测评和调查，采用单因素和多因素相结合的统计方法进行分析。结果　研究对象同理心得分为112.6±14.5，同理心在性别、年级、室友关系、择业意向的不同水平间差异有统计学意义。男生同理心水平低于女生（t＝-2.335，P＝0.020）；大一学生的同理心水平最高，其次是大五、大四、大三、大二（t＝-2.272～-7.176，P≤0.024）；室友关系为“非常好”和“比较好”的学生同理心水平高于室友关系“一般”学生（t＝3.345～3.382，P＝0.001）；择业意向“以人群为导向” 的学生同理心水平低于择业意向“以技术为导向” 的学生（t＝3.155，P＝0.002）；对同理心得分影响前三位的变量分别是大二、室友关系为“非常好”和“比较好”。结论　合理的医学课程设置和营造良好的人际关系对医学生同理心的培养有积极作用。

Survey of empathy of long-term medical students: A cross-section study

Abstract: Objective To learn the situation of the empathy of the long-term medical students in Sichuan University and attempt to preliminarily discuss the related factors of empathy. Methods The student version of the JSPE (JSPE-S) was translated into Chinese using back-translation procedures, and it was applied to 374 Chinese eight-year medical students at Sichuan University. The univariate and multivariate statistical methods are both adopt in the analyses. Results The mean score of empathy was 112.6 and the standard deviation was 14.5 among the respondents. Empathy scores on gender, grade, roommate relationship and specialty interest significantly differed between different levels. Female students scored significantly higher than male students (t＝-2.335, P＝0.020). The students in first school year scored the highest, and then was the 5th, 4th, 3rd and the 2nd years. The difference between the first year with the others was significant (t＝-2.272～-7.176, P≤0.024). The students who rated the roommate relationship as 'very good' and 'relatively good' scored significantly higher than those of 'general'(t＝3.345～3.382, P＝0.001); The empathy score of students who chose people-oriented specialty as a future career was significantly lower than those who chose technique-oriented specialty cohort (t＝3.155, P＝0.002). The top three variables which affect the score significantly were the grade two, the roommate relationship "very good" and "good". Conclusion Reasonable medical curriculum program and establishing a fine interpersonal relationship may positively affect empathy.