人精子染色体分析方法及其在遗传和毒理学中的应用

环境化学物质对人类生殖细胞的诱变作用研究甚少,但其意义重大,因为生殖细胞的遗传损伤有可能对下一代产生不良影响。1978年Rudak等人利用去透明带金黄地鼠卵与人精子在体外异种受精,获得人精子染色体中期相标未,建立了人精子染色体分析方法。十年来共分析100多位正常人21390组精子染色体核型,平均结构染色体畸变率为11.5％;非整倍体率为1.4%。人精子在体外经辐射线(X线等)照射后,染色体畸变率明显升高,与剂量呈线性关系。martin等人观察了18名经放疗/化疗以及经化疗后的肿瘤患者,治疗后精子染色体畸变率亦明显升高,且在数年至十多年后仍高于正常人。人精子染色体分析方法可用于环境化学物质对人类生殖细胞(精子)诱变作用的监测。

Analysis of Human Chromosome Complement and its Use in Genetic and Toxicology

The study on the mutagenecity of environmental chemicals in human germ cells is an im portant subject. In 1975 Rudak and his colleague developed a method for analysing human sperm chromosomes. Using interspecific in vitro fertilization of human sperms and zone-free golden hamster oocytes, the human sperm metaphase chromosome slides were prepared. The last decade, a total of 21390 human sperm karyotype from about one hundred and more normal males were analyzed. The mean frequencies of structural aberration and aneuplo-id were 11.5% and 1.4% respectively. The frequency of human sperm chromosome aberration shown a significant and dose-dependent increase after treating in vitro with radiation. Martin and others found a significant and persistant increase in the frequency of sperm chromosomal aberrations after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in 18 cancer patients. The analysis method of human sperm chromosome complement could be used to monitor the mutagenecity of environmental chemicals in human germ cells ( sperms ).