1985—2014年武汉市城乡中小学生身体素质差异的变化趋势

目的 探讨城乡学生身体素质差异的发展趋势、为促进城乡中小学生体质水平的同步提高提供参考。方法 以参加我国1985年、1995年、2005年、2014年“全国学生体质与健康调研”的武汉市城乡7～18岁学生为研究对象。结果 城区学生一直保持优势的有中学男、女生的速度素质,各年龄组女生的腰腹部力量素质。乡村学生一直保持优势的有小学男生的上肢肌力,中学男、女生的耐力素质(但优势在减小),男生的柔韧素质。城区由领先变成落后的有小学男、女生的速度素质,小学低年级男生的下肢力量,中小学男生的上肢肌力,小学男、女生的耐力素质。城乡学生交替领先的有女生的下肢力量素质。结论 30年来,武汉市城乡中小学生各项身体素质的差异在不同年龄段、不同性别、不同年代有不同的发展趋势,有的素质城乡学生分别一直保持着自己的优势,有的素质已由优势转为劣势,有的素质则表现为城乡学生交替领先。

Variation tendency of discrepancy in physical qualities between rural and urban elementary and secondary school students in Wuhan City from 1985 to 2014

Objective To explore the variation tendency of discrepancy in physical qualities between rural and urban elementary and secondary school students, so as to provide the reference for improving the physical quality of rural and urban students in synchronization. Methods The rural and urban students aged between 7 and 18 years who took part in the “Research on National Student Physical Quality and Health” in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2014 respectively were selected as the research objects and they were surveyed in Wuhan City. Results The urban students all the time had in commanding lead in the speed quality of male and female secondary school students, and waist and abdomen strength quality of female students among all age groups. The rural students all the time had in commanding lead in the upper limbs strength of male elementary school students, endurance quality of male and female secondary school students (which was diminishing), and the pliability quality of male students. The urban students were overtaken by the rural counterparts in speed quality of male and female elementary school students, lower limbs strength of male elementary school students in junior grades, upper limbs strength of male elementary and secondary school students and endurance quality of male and female elementary school students. The rural and urban students keep alternative lead in the lower limbs strength quality of female students. Conclusion In past 30 years, the discrepancy in different physical qualities of rural and urban elementary and secondary school students in Wuhan City keeps different development trends among different age groups, genders and times. The rural and urban students maintain their advantages in certain qualities. Some other advantages have transformed to disadvantages. The rural and urban students take alternate leading position in some qualities.