Protective efficacy of intranasal cold-adapted influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) vaccines comprised of egg- or cell culture-derived reassortants

Live, cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive (ca/ts) Russian influenza A vaccines are prepared in eggs by a 6:2 gene reassortment of the ca/ts donor strain A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) (Len/17) with a current wild-type (wt) influenza A strain contributing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. However, egg-derived reassortant vaccines are potentially more problematic to manufacture in large quantities than vaccines from cell-based procedures. To compare egg- and cell culture-derived reassortant vaccines, we prepared in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells two cloned, ca/ts reassortants (25M/1, 39E/2) derived from Len/17 and a wt reference strain A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) (NC/wt). Both 25M/1 and 39E/2 reassortants preserved the ca/ts phenotype and mutations described for internal genes of the A/Len/17 parent. When compared to a commercial, egg-derived ca/ts Russian A/17/NC/99/145 (H1N1) New Caledonia vaccine (NC/145), the MDCK-derived reassortant 39E/2 vaccine conferred similar levels of protection in ferrets challenged i.n. with 7 x 10(10) pfu of NC/wt. In a dose-ranging study, the protective vaccine dose for 50% of ferrets (PD50) was less than 1.2 x 10(4) pfu for the 25M/1 vaccine derived by recombination and amplification in MDCK cells. Clonal isolates of ca/ts influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) obtained by recombination and amplification entirely in MDCK cells can be highly protective i.n. vaccines.