上海市部分空调系统微生物污染状况的初步调查

[目的]了解当前上海地区空调系统微生物污染情况，更好地控制空调环境的卫生状况。[方法]采用多阶段随机抽样方法，对上海市不同类型空调系统进行横断面调查。选取上海市闵行、闸北、浦东、静安、黄浦、长宁6个区中央及非中央两种类型的空调系统，对其过滤网、热交换器、空调冷却循环水中的细菌总数、霉菌总数以及军团菌、溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、芽胞杆菌等项目进行检测。[结果]中央空调冷却循环水在6月～9月份军团菌污染阳性率均在50％以上，10月份呈现明显下降趋势；在各种不同类型的公共场所中，地铁站、医院、商场酒店的军团菌阳性率均在55％以上；不同类型空调系统过滤网、热交换器的细菌总数、霉菌总数及军团菌、溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌检出率均较低，而芽胞杆菌检出率高。[结论]上海市中央空调冷却水军团菌污染状况严重，而不同类型空调系统过滤网、热交换器的卫生状况相对较好。

A Preliminary Investigation on the Situation of Microbial-Contamination in Some Air Conditioning System in Shanghai

Objective] To understand the situation of microbial-contamination in air conditioning system in Shanghai,and control the hygiene status in the air conditioning system better,we investigated different kinds of air conditionings,using the cross-sectional studies. [Methods] The different kinds of air conditionings in Minhang,Zhabei,Pudong,Jin'an,Huangpu,Changning districts of Shanghai were selected using the multistage sampling method to examine and appraise the total number of bacteria,fungus,haemolytic streptococcus,legionella spp,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus sporus on the filters and the heat exchangers of the air conditioning system,and also of legionella spp in cooling tower water. [Results] The contaminative status of legionella spp in cooling tower water was very serious(the positive rate is over 50%) from July to September,and decline obviously in October; The positive rate(higher than 55%) was higher in the underground,hospital,marketplace and hotels. The total number of bacteria,fungus,legionella spp,haemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were in low-level,but Bacillus sporus was in high level in different kinds of air conditioning system during this investigation. [Conclusion] The contaminative status of legionella spp is very serious in cooling tower water of the air conditioning system in Shanghai,but the hygiene status of the filters and the heat exchangers is relatively good.