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TLR Polymorphisms in FMF: Association of TLR-2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thre399Ile) Polymorphisms and Myeloid Cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression with the Development of Secondary Amyloidosis in FMF |
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| Authors: | Alper Soylu Halil Ate? Sultan Cing?z Mehmet T??rkmen Belde Kasap Demir Mehmet Tunca Meral Sak?zl? Mustafa Cirit R?fk? Ersoy Ayfer ??lgenalp Salih Kavuk?u |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eyl??l University Medical Faculty, ?zmir, Turkey 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eyl??l University Medical Faculty, ?zmir, Turkey 3. Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eyl??l University Medical Faculty, ?zmir, Turkey 4. Department of Nephrology, Atat??rk Training and Research Hospital, ?zmir, Turkey |
| Abstract: | Amyloidosis is the major complication of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in the activation of an innate immune system TLR-2 and TLR-4 recognize lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. While TLR-2 Arg753Gln polymorphism upregulates, TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thre399Ile polymorphisms downregulate inflammation. We investigated the effect of these polymorphisms on the development of amyloidosis in FMF patients. We also investigated myeloid cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions in these patients. We studied 26 FMF patients and 13 FMF patients with amyloidosis. TLR-2 Arg753Gln and TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms were analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Myeloid cell baseline TLR-2 and TLR-4 and LPS-induced TLR-4 expressions were evaluated. The TLR-2 and TLR-4 polymorphism rate was compared with the results of 100 healthy subjects in our previous study. In addition, 13 healthy controls were enrolled for leukocyte TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions. Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels were measured in these 13 control cases and in FMF patients during attack-free periods. The frequency of TLR-2 Arg753Gln, TLR-4 Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in healthy controls in our previous study were 1%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. The frequency of these polymorphisms were not different in FMF patients (with or without amyloidosis) compared to the control group. Likewise, myeloid cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions were not different among the controls and FMF patients. However, LPS-induced TLR-4 expression in granulocytes was more prominent in FMF patients. There was no correlation between TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions and SAA levels. Neither myeloid cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions nor TLR-3 Arg753Gln, TLR-4 Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile polymorphisms seem to affect the development of secondary amyloidosis in FMF patients in our study population. |
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