新生儿呼吸道感染细菌学分析

目的：调查2002-2004年我院新生儿病房新生儿呼吸道感染的细菌及耐药情况。方法：从新生儿病房送检的咽拭子中分离出的细菌进行鉴定和耐药率分析。结果：医院感染的201病例中．检出343株细菌，革兰氏阴性杆菌主要致病菌269株（78％），其中聚团肠杆菌感染率最高（13％）。革兰氏阳性菌中，表皮葡萄球菌感染率最高（14％）。所分离的细菌均具有多重耐药性，葡萄球菌对青霉素类抗生素耐药率很高（77％以上）。革兰氏阴性杆菌对头孢噻肟和头孢三嗪耐药率低。哌拉西林的抗菌活性较强，特别是对铜绿假单胞菌和产碱假单胞菌有较强的抗菌活性。结论：新生儿呼吸道感染的临床用药应根椐实验室报告，首选窄谱抗生素，提倡尽量应用一种抗生素。减少抗生素联合用药，严格控制预防用药。

Analysis of the pathogenic bacteria causing respiratory tract infection of newborn

Objective;To investigate the types of pathogenic bacteria causing respiratory tract infection of new-born infants in our hospital.Methods;Bacteria were isolated from the throat swabs of the new-born infants.The bacteria identification and susceptibility tests were performed using Automatic Microbiology Analysis Equipment-VITEK-IMS60.Results;A total of 343 strains were isolated from 201 infants suffering from respiratory tract infection,including 269 Gram-negative bacilli (78%) and 74 Gram-positive cocci (22%).The most common Gram-negative pathogen is Enterobacter agglomerans (13%),while Staphylococci epidermidis is the predominant Gram-positive cocci (14%).Almost all the strains were multi-resistant to antibiotics.The resistant rate of staphylococci to penicillin is very high (77%);The Gram-negative strains were more sensitive to cefotaxime,ceftriaxone and piperacillin.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas alcaligenes are more sensitive to piperacillin.Conclusion;Antibiotics should be used according to the susceptibility test.Narrow-spectrum antibiotics should be the first choice for the infection therapy.One antibiotic is strongly suggested to used for the treatment of new-born infants infection instead of united-usage of antibiotics.