女性膀胱流出道梗阻的影像尿动力学检查特点分析

目的 探讨女性膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)患者影像尿动力学检查特点及意义.方法 女性BOO患者42例,根据梗阻部位分为膀胱颈梗阻(7例)、中段尿道梗阻(13例)、远端尿道梗阻(15例)、尿道外口梗阻(3例)、盆腔器官重度脱垂(4例)5组.患者术前均行影像尿动力学检查,比较5组病例Qmax、最大膀胱容量、Pdet atQmax、残余尿、逼尿肌无抑制收缩、双侧肾积水等指标.结果 42例患者中以尿频、尿急等储尿症状为主者17例(40.5%),以排尿困难等为主者4例(9.5%),混合症状者21例(50.0%).42例Qmax(10.9±5.6)ml/s、最大膀胱容量(253±140.7)ml、Pdet atQmax(53.3±25.7)cm H2O、残余尿量(76.2±70.3)ml,逼尿肌无抑制收缩者21例(50.0%);5组患者比较:最大膀胱容量差异无统计学意义;膀胱颈梗阻组Pdet atQmax最高、残余尿量最多、Qmax最低、肾积水比例最高,与其他各组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);逼尿肌无抑制收缩在外括约肌部梗阻患者中10例(76.9%),与其他各组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 影像尿动力学检查能有效评估女性BOO下尿路功能,提示梗阻部位并指导临床治疗.女性BOO患者中膀胱颈梗阻程度是影响上尿路损害的主要因素.

Videourodynamic characteristics of female bladder outlet obstruction

Objective To analyze videourodynamic characteristics of female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Methods Retrospective analysis of videourodynamic characteristics were performed in 42 women with BOO. On the basis of the videourodynamic findings, women with BOO were categorized into five groups: bladder neck obstruction, middle urethra (urethral sphincter) obstruction, distal urethra obstruction, external orifice of urethra obstruction, high-grade pelvic organ prolapse. Data of five groups were compared in Qmax, maximum cystometric capacity, Pdet at Qmax, residual urine, detrusor instability and hydronephrosis. Data of all patients were analyzed by SPSS13 statistical software, measurement data by t-test and enumeration data by x2-test. Results Five groups had not significant deviation in the maximum cystometric capacity. however patients with bladder neck obstruction had significant deviation with others in Pdet at Qmax (78. 0 ± 23. 6)cm H2O, residual urine (120. 6±115.2)ml, Qmax (7.0±2.3)ml/s (P<0.05). There was significant deviation between middle urethra (urethral sphincter) obstruction(76.9%)and others in detrusor instability(P<0. 05). In all patients with hydronephrosis, bladder neck obstruction(57. 1 %) had significant deviation with others (P<0. 05). Conclusions Videourodynamic tests could assess lower urinary tract function, and may guide clinic management. The bladder neck obstruction was most serious and harmful to upper urinary tract.