Contraception and sexually transmitted diseases: Interactions and opportunities |
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| Authors: | James A McGregor Hunter A Hammill |
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| Institution: | 1. From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado;2. The Section of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, Houston, Texas |
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| Abstract: | Today "safe sex" means protection from both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus. These parallel complications of sexual activity have serious biologic and clinical sequelae that should be considered at the time of contraceptive selection. In addition, there is ongoing debate regarding potential interactions between antibiotic intervention and contraceptive steroids. This article assesses the impact of hormonal contraception, spermicides, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and douching on the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted disease and the human immunodeficiency virus infection. It discusses the direct and indirect effects of contraception methods on clinical physiology and host immune responses while also considering the possible consequences on maternal and infant health if pregnancy results from the use of ineffective contraception. Counseling and care for both family planning and infectious disease protection must be provided to all sexually active individuals. (Ann J OBSTET GVNECOL 1993;168:2033-41.) |
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| Keywords: | Contraception host susceptibility safe sex sexually transmitted disease pelvic inflammatory disease |
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