孕妇及新生儿汞暴露水平及影响因素分析

目的调查大连、上海市孕妇及其新生儿汞暴露水平及其影响因素。方法整群抽取上海和大连市三甲医院妇产科病房待产的孕妇,对孕妇周围血及与其对应的新生儿脐带血进行血汞检测,并分析其影响因素。结果上海市孕妇血汞和新生儿脐带血汞中位数分别为1.35和2.29μg/L,大连市孕妇血汞和新生儿脐带血汞中位数分别为1.99和3.57μg/L,2地新生儿脐带血汞均明显高于母亲血汞(P0.01);大连市孕妇血汞中有3例(1.7%)、脐带血汞中有9例(8.4%)超过美国国家环保局推荐的国际标准(5.8μg/L);应用多重线性回归分析发现,上海市父亲吸烟、孕妇家中使用杀虫剂、大连市孕妇有被动吸烟史对2地孕妇血汞及新生儿脐带血汞的影响差异有统计学意义。结论对于非职业暴露人群相对工业环境污染、不良生活方式和居住环境因素等对血汞暴露水平的影响更为明显和直接。

Status and influencing factors of mercury exposure in neonates and their mothers in Shanghai and Dalian

Objective To investigate mercury(Hg) exposure in neonates and their mothers in Shanghai and Dalian, and to analyze related factors. Methods From September 2006 to April 2007, peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood sampies were collected in 178 neonates and 110 women who delivered their babies in Shanghai and Dalian,respectively. Questionnaire survey was conducted and related factors were analyzed. Results The medians of maternal and umbilical cord blood Hg concentration were 1.35 μg/L and 2. 29 μg/L for Shanghai, and 1.99 μg/L and 3.57 μg/L for DaLian, respectively. The cord blood Hg level was positively correlated with maternal blood Hg level (r = 0. 453 shanghai, r = 0. 237 for Dalian) ,and the Hg level in cord blood was significantly higher than that of maternal blood Hg level (P <0. 01). In Dalian, there were three samples(1. 7%) of maternal blood with Hg concentration exceeding US EPA's recommending reference level (5.8 μg/L), and 9 umbilical cord blood samples (8.4%) with higher Hg level than the reference level. The results of multilinear regression analysis showed that passive smoking history and pesticide use at home were related to Hg level of blood samples. Conclusion For people without occupational exposure, unhealthy lifestyle and living environmental poiludon are the main relevant factors for mercury exposure.