某现代化露天煤矿作业环境及工人健康状况调查

目的探讨现代化露天煤矿作业环境及对作业人员健康的影响。方法收集某现代化露天煤矿2001-2002年粉尘、噪声测定资料及测量振动强度。对接触粉尘、噪声、振动及其他有害因素人员进行健康检查，并以该矿非接触职业病危害因素的人员为对照。结果作业环境粉尘浓度超过国家相应的卫生标准的占88．6％，游离SiO2含量岩尘为24．0％，煤尘为6．1％；振动强度较小，45．5％的测定点噪声平均强度超过85dB（A）。作业人群呼吸系统疾病患病率粉尘组为10．0％，噪声组为23．6％，振动组为23．5％，对照组为0．6％，各有害因素接触组患病率与对照组比较，差异均有显著性（P〈0．01），且随着接触工龄的增加而增高；作业人群尘肺患病率为0．15％，振动组胃疾患患病率（4．6％）高于对照组（O．6％）。随着接触振动、噪声工龄的延长，高血压患病率明显增加，而对照组则增加不明显。结论现代化露天采煤作业环境职业病危害特点是粉尘、噪声和振动常同时存在；作业人群呼吸系统疾病、胃疾患、高血压患病率增加，尘肺患病率较低。

Occupational Health Survey of Workers in an Open-pit Coal Mine

Objective To survey work environment and workers health of an open-pit coal mine.Methods Measured data of dust and noise were collected.Vibration intensity was measured by ZDJ-1 Vibration Measurement Instrument.Health survey was conducted on workers exposed to occupational hazards.Results Dust concentrations of 88.6% samples exceeded the hygienic standard.The content of free SiO_2 in rock dust was 24.0% and 6.1% in coal dust.The noise intensity of 45.5% of measured workplaces was over 85 dB(A).The dust,noise and vibration co-existed in many workplaces.The prevalence of respiratory diseases in every exposed groups was higher than that of control group(P<0.01);the longer was the exposure duration,the higher was the prevalent of disease.However,the prevalence of pneumoconiosis was rather low (0.15%).The rate of gastric diseases in workers exposed to vibration was higher than that of the control group.The prevalence of hypertension increased with the exposure duration to noise and vibration.Conclusions The hazardous characteristic of open-pit coal mine is that dust,noise and vibration co-existing in same workplaces.The prevalence of pneumoconiosis in workers exposed to dust was rather low;however,the prevalence of respiratory diseases,cardiovascular and gastric diseases was higher than that of the control.