癌症初期放、化疗患者生活质量的影响因素及护理对策

目的研究影响癌症初期放、化疗患者生活质量的因素，探讨提高其生活质量的护理对策。方法采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织的生活质量核心量表（EORTC quality of life core questionnaire，EORTC QLQ-C30）、社会支持量表、医学应对问卷及自制问卷对78例癌症初期放、化疗患者进行调查。结果癌症的种类、性别、年龄、文化程度、居住地等因素对癌症初期放、化疗患者的生活质量均有影响（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；屈服应对策略会降低患者的社会功能及整体健康状况（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），回避的应对策略会降低患者的躯体功能，但增强其整体健康状况（P〈0.05，P〈0．01）；能有效利用社会支持的患者角色功能及躯体功能较好（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论应针对癌症初期放、化疗患者的年龄、性别、文化程度、居住地、疾病种类等进行健康教育及护理干预，如避免使用屈服的应对方式、适当使用回避的应对策略、正确看待他人提供的客观支持、努力寻求和利用社会支持等。

Influencing Factors of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients of Initial Stages Receiving Radio-and Chemotherapy and Its Countermeasures

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of quality of life in cancer patients of initial stages receiving radio-and chemotherapy,so as to discuss the nursing countermeasures to improve their quality of life.Methods EORTCQLQ-C30,the Social Support Questionnaire,the Medical Coping Model Questionnaire(MCMQ) and a self-designed questionnaire were employed to survey 78 patients who receiving radio-and chemotherapy.Results The results showed that the type of the cancer,gender,age,educational level,and living places all had influence on the patients' quality of life(P<0.05 or P<0.01);yielding coping strategy reduced the patients' social function and total health status(P<0.05 or P<0.01);avoiding coping strategy reduced the patients' physical functions but enhanced total health status(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Patients who effectively take the advantage of social support had a better role function and physical function(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Health education and nursing intervention should be given to the cancer patients who receive radio-and chemotherapy according to their age,gender,educational level,living place,and the cancer type.Yielding coping strategy should be avoided and avoiding coping strategy can be used.The patients should have a correct view on the objective support they received and to learn to use social support.