早产儿并发症临床分析

目的探讨早产儿临床≮见并发症，分析其胎龄、出生体质量、孕期高危因素与并发症关系，为临床诊治及预防提供依据。方法收集2006年4月—2008年4月同济大学附属同济医院儿科新生儿室收治152例早产儿的临床资料，分析其胎龄、出生体质量、高危因素与并发症关系。结果主要并发症有新生儿肺炎、高胆红素血症、窒息、呼吸暂停、缺氧缺血性脑病及硬肿症等；28～32周早产儿和出生体质量〈1500g早产儿并发症发生率高于32～37周早产儿及出生体质量≥1500g早产儿，两者差异有显著性（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），有高危因素组并发症发生率高于无高危因素组（P〈0．01）。结论胎龄愈小，体质量愈低，并发症和病死率愈高，高危因素影响早产儿并发症发生，应加强孕期保健，早期干预治疗，降低死亡率，提高早产儿生存质量。

Clinical analysis of premature infants with complications

Objective To discuss the major clinical complications of premature infants by analyzing the relationship of gestational age, birth weight, high risk factors and complications, in order to provide basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Methods One hundred and fifty-two hospitalized premature infants in Tongji Hospital were reviewed from April 2006 to April 2008. The relationship of gestational age, birth weight and ＇risk factors＇ including various abnormal pregmency and births with complications were analyzed. Results The most common complications were pneumonia, jaundice, asphyxia, apnea, hypoxicischemic encephalopathy and sclerema. The complications in the group of gestation 28 - 32 weeks and in the group of birth weight 〈 1 500 gram were significantly higher than that in the group of gestation 32 - 37 weeks and in the group of birth weight ≥ 1 500 gram （ P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. The complications in the group of pregnant mothers with ＇ risk factors＇ were higher than that in the group of without ＇ risk factors＇ （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The smaller the gestational age and birth weight, the higher the mortality and the occurance of complications. Some ＇ risk factors＇ affect the complications of premature infants. Perinatal health care should be strengthened to reduce the fatality and improve the survival quality of premature infants.