环甲关节运动与声带张弛的力学分析

在61只尸体喉解剖和测量的基础上,对环甲关节运动进行了力学分析。环状软骨绕贯穿两侧环甲关节的冠状轴在矢状面上转动,能使两侧声带同时伸缩3.41mm左右;沿甲状软骨环关节面长径方向滑动,能使一侧声带伸长而另一侧声带缩短,二者之差可达2.42mm左右。上述“转动”能有效地调节声带的张弛,“滑动”能均衡两侧声带张力,由于“滑动”运动要比“转动”运动费力得多,因而关节病变时易引起滑动受限。环甲关节水平向异常滑动或单侧滑动受限可导致声门偏斜。

Mechanical analysis on the movement of cricothyroid joint and the tonicity of vocal cord

Based on the measurements of 61 larynx samples from adult cadavers, we analysed the movement of cricothyroid joints in terms of mechanics. The movement of cricoid cartilage which turned round the coronal axis through bilateral cricothyroid joints could cause the extention and contraction of the bilateral vocal cords, with 3.41 mm range between the extention and contraction. The sliding of cricoid cartilage along the long axis of articular faces on the thyroid cartilage could cause the extention in the unilateral vocal cord and the contraction in another, with about 2.42mm range between the extension and contraction. The tonicity of the bilateral vocal cords could be regulated by the revolvement and balanced by the sliding. As the sliding needs more efforts, the restriction of the sliding could be easily caused in joint diseases and the glottis deflection would be resulted from the unilateral restricted sliding or unnormal sliding in the horizontal level of the cricothyroid joints.