硼中子俘获治疗的生物学机制及临床研究进展

硼中子俘获治疗(boron neutron capture therapy,BNCT)是一种新型且高度精准的肿瘤放疗手段。BNCT可依赖高效靶向的含硼药物,在细胞级别同时实现对肿瘤细胞的精准打击和对正常细胞的精准防护。含硼药物研发正在深入进行,新型高效的制剂层出不穷,这为充分发挥BNCT优势和疗效带来新的曙光。由于BNCT过程中产生复合射线,其对肿瘤细胞的杀伤机制较为复杂,相关研究仍相对匮乏,具体分子机制有待阐明和完善。世界范围内,BNCT已用于恶性脑瘤、头颈部肿瘤、恶性黑色素瘤等临床治疗,并取得良好疗效。本文主要针对BNCT药物研究、生物学机制、潜在优势、临床应用进行综述。

The biological mechanism and clinical application of boron neutron capture therapy

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT), a promising radiotherapy, belongs to precision treatment for cancers. BNCT can accurately kill cancer cells and protect normal cells at the same time relying on ¹⁰B compounds with high efficacy. The research about developing new ¹⁰B compounds is in progress, and novel and efficient ¹⁰B compounds are emerging, which greatly facilitate broadening the advantages and efficacy of BNCT. Considering the mixed rays generated from the BNCT process, its biological effects on tumor cells are relatively complex, and related studies are still lacking. The molecular mechanisms underlying BNCT need to be elucidated further. BNCT has been applied in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, head and neck cancers, and malignant melanoma with favorable curative effects. This review mainly focuses on the development of ¹⁰B compounds, biological mechanisms, potential advantages, and clinical applications.