Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis is usually a sequel to visceral leishmaniasis. A 25-year-old woman presented with hypopigmented maculopapular lesions all over the body for the past 4 years without any previous history of visceral leishmaniasis. She was on treatment for leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis for the past 2 months, but did not show any improvement. Investigations confirmed that she had post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection. She was started on treatment for the triad of diseases, and showed improvement.