青少年传统欺凌、网络欺凌与心理健康的关系研究

目的 调查青少年受欺凌的流行特点，探究遭受传统欺凌、网络欺凌以及欺凌数量对青少年心理健康的影响。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法，分别选取华中某市城市、农村青少年3 174名。采用自制受欺凌问卷和《中国中学生心理健康量表》(MMHI - 60)调查青少年校园欺凌及心理健康状况。结果 13.4%(424/3 174)的青少年至少遭受过一种类型的校园欺凌，其中受言语欺凌报告率最高(9.9%)，网络欺凌最低(2.9%)；受欺凌报告率男生高于女生(χ2 = 6.48，P = 0.011)，七年级最高21.6%(114/3 174)。心理健康问题的检出率为10.3%（328/3 174）；受任意类型的欺凌均与心理健康问题相关，遭受多种类型欺凌者发生心理健康问题的风险高于单一受欺凌者；传统欺凌(言语欺凌、躯体欺凌、关系欺凌)对心理健康的独立影响高于网络欺凌。结论 青少年遭受欺凌与心理健康问题的产生密切相关，传统欺凌仍然是影响青少年心理健康的重要因素，应积极治理校园欺凌，促进青少年心理健康发展。

Study on the relationship between traditional bullying,cyberbullying and mental health among adolescents

To investigate the characteristics of bullying victimization and explore the impact of traditional bullying,cyberbullying and the amount of bullying victimization on mental health among adolescents. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3174 adolescents from urban and rural schools in a city in central China. The self-designed Bullying Questionnaire and Mental Health Inventory of Middle-School Students(MMHI-60) were applied to acquire prevalence of bullying victimization and mental health condition of adolescents. Results About 13.4%(424/3174)of adolescents reported having suffered at least one type of school bullying. The result showed that the reporting rate of being verbal bullied was the highest(9.9%), while the rate of being cyber bullied was the lowest(2.9%). The reporting rate of being bullied for male was higher than female teenagers(χ2=6.48, P=0.011) and was the highest in the seventh grade, which was 21.6%(114/3174). The detection rate of mental health problems among adolescents was 10.3%(328/3174). Any type of bullying was associated with mental health problems and the adolescents who suffered from multiple types of bullying had a higher risk for mental health problems than those with single bullying victimization. The impact of traditional bullying, including verbal bullying, physical bullying and relational bullying, on mental health was higher than that of cyberbullying. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that being bullied is closely related to mental health problems among adolescents and the traditional bullying is still a critical factor affecting the mental health of adolescents. It is crucial to actively manage bullying and promote the development of mental health among adolescents.