镇江市学龄前儿童情绪行为问题现况调查及其影响因素分析

目的 了解镇江市学龄前儿童情绪行为问题现况，分析其影响因素，为保持儿童良好的情绪行为状态提供理论依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取镇江市2 928名学龄前儿童进行调查。使用长处和困难问卷（Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, SDQ）（家长版）、自编儿童基本情况调查问卷，收集学龄前儿童情绪行为问题及相关信息。主要采用卡方检验和logistic回归分析进行统计分析。结果 镇江市学龄前儿童情绪行为问题检出率为10.41%，男童（11.99%）问题检出率高于女童（8.72%）（χ2 = 12.473，P = 0.002）。回归分析结果显示，学龄前儿童情绪行为问题危险因素有男童（OR = 1.345，P = 0.026）、隔代带养（OR = 1.405，P = 0.022）、母亲偶尔饮酒（OR = 1.369，P = 0.033），父亲文化程度为初中及以下（OR = 3.061，P = 0.001）、高中/中专（OR = 2.115，P = 0.014）、大专（OR = 1.918，P = 0.033）；儿童没有吸二手烟（OR = 0.516，P＜0.001）是其保护性因素。结论 部分学龄前儿童存在严重的情绪行为问题，且存在多种影响因素，需更进一步研究综合干预方法改善儿童情绪行为问题。

Investigation and influencing factors on emotional behavior problems of preschool children in Zhenjiang

To investigate and analyze the effects of preschool children emotional and behavioral problems in Zhenjiang. To provide a theoretical basis for maintaining children’s good emotional and behavioral state. Methods 2928 preschool children in Zhenjiang were investigated. Collect information on emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children by strength and difficulty questionnaire(SDQ, Parent Edition), and self-compiled questionnaire on children’s basic situation. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The abnormal rate of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children is 10.41%, revealing gender differences(χ2=12.473, P=0.002).The results of regression analysis show that the risk factors of emotional behavior problems are as follows: boy(OR=1.345, P=0.026), generational education(OR=1.405,P=0.022), mother’s drinking(OR=1.369, P=0.033), father’s educational level junior high school and below(OR=3.061, P=0.001), high school/secondary school(OR=2.115, P=0.014), college(OR=1.918, P=0.033). Children do not smoke secondhand smoke(OR=0.516,P<0.001) is the protective factor. Conclusion Severe emotional and behavioral problems exist in some preschool children, and there are many influencing factors, further research is needed to improve children’s emotional and behavioral problems by comprehensive intervention methods.