老年人睡眠质量状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解老年人睡眠质量现状及其影响因素。方法 于2018年10月-11月，采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法，对山西省太原市3637名60岁及以上老年人进行调查，用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表评估睡眠质量。运用多因素logistic回归对老年人睡眠质量的影响因素进行探讨。结果 3637名老年人睡眠质量的平均得分为（5.33±3.08）分，29.0%的老年人存在睡眠质量不良问题。Logistic回归结果显示，性别（参照:男性，女性OR=1.393，95%CI: 1.177~1.647）、年龄（参照:60~69岁；70~79岁OR=1.292，95%CI: 1.091~1.529；≥80岁OR=1.470，95%CI: 1.165~1.855）、文化程度（参照:文盲/半文盲；初中OR=0.750，95%CI: 0.586~0.961；高中/中专OR=0.663，95%CI: 0.508~0.866；大学/大专及以上OR=0.664，95%CI: 0.492~0.895）、婚姻状况（参照:已婚，丧偶OR=1.315，95%CI: 1.072~1.613）、饮酒状况（参照:从不饮酒；已戒酒OR=1.731，95%CI: 1.307~2.292；饮酒OR=1.670，95%CI: 1.329~2.098）、慢病数量（参照:0种；1种慢病OR=1.626，95%CI: 1.346~1.963；2种及以上OR=3.158，95%CI: 2.546~3.916）、抑郁（参照:不抑郁，抑郁OR=2.204，95%CI: 1.867~2.603）是老年人睡眠质量的主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 老年人睡眠质量较差，睡眠障碍的发生与多种因素显著相关，应有针对性的采取综合干预策略以改善老年人睡眠质量状况。

Sleep quality and its influencing factors in the elderly

To understand the status of sleep quality and its influencing factors in the elderly. Methods We used astratified random cluster sampling method to selected 3 637 elderly people aged 60 and above in Taiyuan City，Shanxi Province，and conducted a survey from October to November 2018. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI) was used to evaluate sleepquality. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of sleep quality in the elderly. Ｒesults The averagescore of sleep quality of 3 637 elderly people was ( 5. 33 ± 3. 08) ，and 29. 0% of the elderly had sleep disorders. Logisticregression results showed that gender ( reference: male，female OＲ = 1. 393，95% CI: 1. 177 － 1. 647) ，age ( reference: 60 －69 years; 70 － 79 years OＲ = 1. 292，95% CI: 1. 091 － 1. 529; ≥80 years OＲ = 1. 470，95% CI: 1. 165 － 1. 855) ，education( reference: no formal education; secondary school OＲ = 0. 750，95% CI: 0. 586 － 0. 961; high school /specialized secondaryschool OＲ = 0. 663，95% CI: 0. 508 － 0. 866; university /junior college and above OＲ = 0. 664，95% CI: 0. 492 － 0. 895) ，marital status ( reference: married，widowed OＲ = 1. 315，95% CI: 1. 072 － 1. 613) ，drinking status ( reference: never; quitdrinking OＲ = 1. 731，95% CI: 1. 307 － 2. 292; drinking OＲ = 1. 670，95% CI: 1. 329 － 2. 098 ) ，the number of chronicdiseases ( reference: 0; 1 chronic disease OＲ = 1. 626，95% CI: 1. 346 － 1. 963; 2 species and above OＲ = 3. 158，95% CI:2. 546 － 3. 916) ，depression ( reference: no depression，depression OＲ = 2. 204，95% CI: 1. 867 － 2. 603) were the maininfluencing factors of sleep quality in the elderly ( P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion The sleep quality of the elderly is poor. Theoccurrence of sleep disorders is significantly related to many factors. Targeted comprehensive intervention strategies should beadopted to improve the quality of sleep in the elderly.