崇左市边境地区儿童疫苗可预防疾病免疫状况及居民知识水平调查研究

目的 了解崇左市边境地区儿童疫苗可预防疾病免疫状况及居民知识水平，为中越边境地区制定免疫规划策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 随机分层抽取3个中越边境县（市）2～7岁儿童444人，分析麻疹（MV）IgG抗体、白喉(DP)IgG 抗体、脊髓灰质炎(PV)总抗体、乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)、乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)的水平。结果 中越边境地区儿童的乙肝抗原及乙肝、脊灰、麻疹、白喉抗体阳性率分别为1.1%、53.6%、97.1%、95.7%、95.3%，抗体几何平均滴度 （GMT） 分别为 1∶67.47、1∶1 385.08、1∶0.13、1∶39.74。不同年龄组间脊灰抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义（χ2 = 25.892，P＜0.001）；不同地区组间乙肝抗体、白喉抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义（χ2HBsAb = 12.084，χ2DPIgG = 7.452，P＜0.05）；常住儿童脊灰、麻疹、白喉抗体阳性率均大于流动儿童（χ2PVIgG = 7.551，χ2MVIgG = 12.771，χ2DPIgG = 14.564，P＜0.05）。本地儿童乙肝、麻疹、白喉、乙脑接种率均大于外地儿童（P＜0.05）；儿童监护人对免疫规划知识、态度、行为调查问卷正确率均大于80%，信息获取主要渠道是预防接种门诊。结论 崇左市边境地区2～7岁儿童免疫规划疫苗抗体水平和接种率维持在较高水平，儿童监护人对疫苗可预防疾病知识水平达标。流动儿童和边远地区儿童为免疫规划管理薄弱人群，应结合抗体水平监测加强重点人群、重点地区的疫苗接种工作。

Investigation on the immunization status of children vaccine against preventable diseases and the knowledge level of residence,the border areas of Chongzuo

To know about the immunological status of vaccine-preventable diseases in children and the level ofrelevant knowledge of residents in the border areas of Chongzuo, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating immunizationplans and measures. Methods 444 children aged 2 to 7 who lived in 3 China-Vietnam border counties were randomly selected, and the level of measles (MV) IgG antibodies, diphtheria (DP) IgG antibodies, total polio (PV) antibodies, hepatitis Bsurface antibodies (HBsAb), and hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) were detected. Results The positive rates of hepatitis Bantigen and antibodies to hepatitis B, polio, measles and diphtheria in children in the border areas of China and Vietnamwere 1.1%, 53.6%, 97.1%, 95.7%, 95.3%, respectively. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of the antibody were 1:67.47, 1:1385.08, 1:0.13, 1:39.74, respectively. The difference in polio antibody positive rates between different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=25.892, P<0.001). The difference in the positive rates of hepatitis B antibody and diphtheria antibodybetween groups in different regions was statistically significant (χ2HBsAb=12.084, χ2DPIgG=7.452, P<0.05). Polio, measles, diphtheria antibody positive rates in resident children were greater than that in migrant children (χ2PVIgG=7.551, χ2MVIgG=12.771, χ2DPIgG=14.564, P<0.05). The difference in inoculation rate of hepatitis B, polio, measles, diphtheria, and encephalitis vaccination among children of different birthplaces was statistically significant (P<0.05). The accuracy of questionnaires answers was greaterthan 80% , which were about the guardians’ knowledge, attitude, and behavioral to the immunization program. Guardiansmainly obtained information from vaccination clinics. Conclusion The vaccine antibody level in immunization program inChongzuo, and vaccination rate of children aged 2 to 7 reached and maintained at a high level. Meanwhile, the childrenguardians’ mastery of knowledge, attitude and behavior to basic immunization is acceptable. Migrant children and children inremote areas are the weak people to be managed by immunization programs, and the vaccination of key populations and areas should be strengthened in combination with antibody level monitoring.