中老年人视力损害现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解中国中老年人视力损害现状及影响视力健康的因素。方法 数据来源于中国健康与退休追踪调查数据，应用多水平logistic回归模型分析影响视力损害的个体和省级因素。结果 共纳入18 439名研究对象，平均年龄为60.3±9.8岁。我国中老年人远视力和近视力损害的患病率分别为19.0%和18.8%。多水平logistic模型结果显示远视力损害的危险因素包括高年龄（50~59岁:OR=1.37，60~69岁:OR=1.74，≥70岁:OR=2.08）、女性（OR=1.35）、农村居住地（OR=1.15）、多病共存（OR=1.85）、高文盲率（中文盲率地区:OR=1.09，高文盲率地区:OR=1.33）和低人均国内生产总值（GDP）（中等收入地区:OR=1.08，低收入地区:OR=1.04）（P均<0.05）；近视力损害的危险因素包括高年龄（50~59岁:OR=1.46）、女性（OR=1.39）、农村居住地（OR=1.39）、多病共存（OR=1.72）、高文盲率（中文盲率地区:OR=1.09，高文盲率地区:OR=1.34）和低人均GDP（中等收入地区:OR=1.32，低收入地区:OR=1.25）（P均<0.05）。高教育水平是远视力损害（小学及初中水平:OR=0.72，高中及以上水平:OR=0.49）和近视力损害（高中及以上水平:OR=0.75）的保护因素（P均<0.001）。结论 远视力损害和近视力损害在我国中老年人中很常见，应针对其危险因素制定防治策略。

Current status and associated factors of vision impairment among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals

To study the current status of vision impairment and explore its associated factors among middle－agedand older Chinese individuals.Methods This study utilized data from the China Health andＲetirement Longitudinal Study.Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of individual and province－level factors on vision impairment.Ｒesults This study included 18，439 participants with a mean age of 60.3(SD 9.8)years.The prevalence of distance andnear vision impairment were 19.0%and 18.8%among middle－aged and older Chinese individuals，respectively.Multilevellogistic regression analyses showed that the risk factors of distance vision impairment included older age(50～59 years:OＲ=1.37;60～69 years:OＲ=1.74;≥70 years:OＲ=2.08)，women(OＲ=1.35)，rural residence(OＲ=1.15)，multimorbidity(OＲ=1.85)，high illiteracy rate(moderate illiteracy rate regions:OＲ=1.09;high illiteracy rate regions:OＲ=1.33)and low gross domestic product(GDP)per capital(moderate income regions:OＲ=1.08;low income regions:OＲ=1.04)(all P＜0.05)，and that of near vision impairment included older age(50～59 years:OＲ=1.46)，women(OＲ=1.39)，rural residence(OＲ=1.39)，multimorbidity(OＲ=1.72)，high illiteracy rate(moderate illiteracy rate regions:OＲ=1.04，high illiteracy rate regions:OＲ=1.34)and low GDP per capital(moderate income regions:OＲ=1.32，low incomeregions:OＲ=1.25)(all P＜0.05).High education level was a protect factor of both distance vision impairment(primaryand secondary school:OＲ=0.72;high school and above:OＲ=0.49)and near vision impairment(high school and above:OＲ=0.75)(all P＜0.001).Conclusion Distance and near vision impairment are both prevalent among middle－aged andolder Chinese and the development of targeted control strategies are needed with consideration of their risk factors.