调整的膳食平衡指数法评价妊娠糖尿病孕妇膳食质量

目的 应用调整的膳食平衡指数（DBI）法评价妊娠糖尿病（GDM）孕妇膳食质量，综合评估其存在的膳食状况问题，为孕期科学营养指导及GDM防治工作提供科学依据。方法 选取2017年11月 - 2019年6月于徐州市某妇幼保健院进行孕检的孕妇为研究对象。采用食物频率法（FFQ）收集孕妇孕中期膳食情况。在DBI基础上，根据孕妇平衡膳食宝塔和指南，建立孕期平衡膳食指数法（DBI - P - 16），依据DBI - P - 16评价GDM孕妇膳食质量。结果 GDM组220例，正常组384例。GDM组谷薯类、蔬菜、水果、油及盐摄入量高于正常组（P＜0.05）；GDM组水果及蛋类摄入达标率低于正常组（P＜0.05）。GDM组膳食摄入过量及膳食失衡情况较正常组严重（P＜0.05）。两组膳食摄入过量比例分别为57.73%、38.28%；膳食摄入不足比例分别为76.36%、75.52%，均以“低度摄入不足”比例最高；总体膳食不平衡比例分别为92.73%、92.71%，均以“低度膳食失衡”比例最高。GDM的发生与膳食摄入过量（χ2 = 38.83，P = 0.000）及膳食失衡（χ2 = 11.42，P = 0.010）有关。结论 徐州地区孕妇存在膳食摄入过量、摄入不足及膳食失衡问题。GDM孕妇膳食过量和膳食失衡突出。应加强合理膳食指导。

Evaluation on dietary quality for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus by adjusted DBI

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary quality of pregnant women with GDM by adjusted DBI to comprehensively evaluate the dietary status of pregnant women androcide scientific basis for nutrition guidance during pregnancy and prevention and treatment of GDM. Methods Pregnant women were selected as the study objects from November 2017 to June 2019.FFQ was used to collect the dietary status of pregnant women in the second trimester. On the basis of DBI, according to the pagoda and guide of balanced diet of pregnant women in China, the DBI-P-16 was established, and the dietary quality of GDM women was evaluated according to DBI-P-16. Results There were 220 cases in GDM group and 384 cases in normal group. The intakes of potato, vegetable, fruit, oil and salt in GDM group were higher than those in normal group(P<0.05). The reaching rate of fruit and egg in GDM group was lower than that in normal group (P<0.05). In GDM group, the situation of excessive intake and unbalanced diet was more serious(P<0.05). The proportions of excessive Takes were 57.73%and 38.28%respectively. The proportions of insufficient intakes were 76.36%and 75.52%respectively, with the highest proportion of "low-level inadequate intake". The proportions of overall dietary imbalance were 92.73%and 92.71%, with the highest proportion of "low-level unbalanced diet". The occurrence of GDM was related to excessive dietary? Take (y=38.83, P=0.000) and dietary imbalance (χ?=11.42, P=0.010). Conclusion Pregnant women in Xuzhou area had the problems of excessive dietary intake, insufficient dietary intake and dietary imbalance. GDM pregnant women were particularly prominent in excess and imbalance of diet. Reasonable dietary guidance should be strengthened.