烟台市水产及其制品中谷氨酸钠含量的监测结果分析

目的 了解烟台市新鲜水产中谷氨酸钠的本底水平及水产制品中谷氨酸钠的含量和添加水平并发现其可能带来的安全性风险。方法 随机采集烟台市市售的新鲜水产及其制品共246份，采用液相色谱-串联质谱法定量检测样品中谷氨酸钠的含量，计算每日摄入量，对比欧盟给出的安全摄入量进行安全性评估。结果 烟台市新鲜水产品中谷氨酸钠的总检出率为89.9%（116/129），本底含量的均值为3.40×10² mg/kg，水产制品均有检出，含量均值为1.59×10⁴ mg/kg，不同种类水产制品中谷氨酸钠含量之间差异没有统计学差异（P>0.05），但是同一类水产制品，散装的谷氨酸钠含量高于定型包装的，并且两者之间具有统计学差异（P<0.05），烟台人民通过不同种类水产及其制品对谷氨酸钠的每日平均摄入量均小于欧盟给出的安全摄入量，即1.89×10³ mg，但是每日最大摄入量为3.63×10³ mg，高于安全摄入量。结论 除了个别散装水产制品，烟台市水产及其制品中普遍含有谷氨酸钠，谷氨酸钠的含量水平在安全范围之内。

Monitoring of monosodium glutamate in aquatic products,Yantai City

To investigate the background level of monosodium glutamate in fresh aquatic products and the content and the addition level of monosodium glutamate in processed aquatic products, and to find the potential safety risk of monosodium glutamate in aquatic products. Methods A total of 246 samples of aquatic products were randomly collected from markets in Yantai City. The samples were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The daily intake of monosodium glutamate was calculated and compared with allowable daily intake from European Union to process security assessment. Results Total detection rate of monosodium glutamate in fresh aquatic products was 89.9%(116/129) and the average value of the background contents was 3.40×102 mg/kg. Monosodium glutamate was found in all the processed aquatic products and the average value of the background contents was 1.59×104 mg/kg. There was no statistical difference between the contents of monosodium glutamate in different types of processed aquatic products(P>0.05), while there was statistically significant differences between the same types(P<0.05), and the content of monosodium glutamate in bulk products was higher than that in fixed packing products. The average daily intake of glutamate by Yantai people through different types of aquatic products was less than the safe intake prescribed by EU which was 1.89×103 mg. But the maximum daily intake was 3.63×103 mg, which was higher than the safe intake. Conclusion Monosodium glutamate commonly exists in aquatic products from Yantai. The content level of monosodium glutamate in aquatic products besides some bulk products is safe for people.