不同碳酸饮料饮用频率与中学生BMI的相关性研究

目的 调查潍坊市中学生碳酸饮料的消费现状，探讨不同频率的碳酸饮料摄入与中学生BMI的关系。方法 在2019年7月 - 2019年12月期间采用方便抽样法抽取潍坊市初中、高中阶段的学生3 210名，通过问卷调查收集碳酸饮料消费情况、个人基本情况、膳食摄入情况、体育运动活动量，通过体格检查计算中学生的身体质量指数(body mass index，BMI)，采用多层回归分析评估不同频率饮用碳酸饮料对中学生BMI的影响。结果 中学生碳酸饮料饮用的低频率、中等频率、高频率的发生率分别为 51.31%、32.34%、16.36 %，男生的中等频率碳酸饮料饮用率高于女生(χ2 = 5.406，P＜0.05)，高频率碳酸饮料饮用率则更高于女生(χ2 = 15.643，P＜0.001)；在控制年龄阶段、家族肥胖史、居住地、过去1周进食油炸食品、过去1周进食高糖食品、体育运动活动量后，中等频率的碳酸饮料饮用可以预测男生BMI（β = 0.201，P＜0.05），高频率的碳酸饮料饮用可以预测女生的BMI（β = 0.280，P＜0.05），高频率的碳酸饮料饮用则更能预测男生的BMI（β = 0.375，P＜0.001）。结论 潍坊市中学生的碳酸饮料的饮用率较高，过度的碳酸饮料饮用可以预测中学生尤其是男生的BMI水平。学校和家长应及早采取干预措施，引导中学生养成合理的膳食习惯。

Study on the relationship between the frequency of carbonated drinks and BMI of middle school students

The aim of this study was to investigate the consumption status of carbonated drinks of middle school students in Weifang city, and to explore the relationship between the intake of carbonated drinks with different frequencies and BMI of middle school students. Methods From July 2019 to December 2019, 3210 junior middle school and high school students in Weifang were selected by convenient sampling method. The consumption of carbonated drinks, basic personal information, dietary intake and physical activity were collected by questionnaire survey. The body mass index(BMI) of middle school students was calculated by physical examination. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of carbonated drinks on BMI of middle school students. Results The consumption of low, medium and high frequency of carbonated drinks for middle school students were 51.31%, 32.34% and 16.36%, respectyively. The medium drinking frequency of carbonated drinks in boys was higher than that in girls(χ2=5.406, P<0.05), and the high drinking frequency of carbonated drinks in boys was higher than that in girls(χ2=15.643, P<0.001). After controlling the age, family obesity history, residence, eating fried food in the past week,eating high sugar containing food in the past week, and the amount of physical activity, medium frequency of carbonated drink can predict BMI of male students(β=0.201, P<0.05), high frequency of carbonated drink can predict BMI of girls(β=0.280, P<0.05),and the BMI of boys was more suitable to be predicted by high frequency of carbonated drink(β=0.375, P<0.001). Conclusion The drinking rate of carbonated drinks was high in middle school students in Weifang city. Excessive carbonated drinks can predict the BMI level of middle school students, especially boys. Schools and parents should take intervention measures as early as possible to guide middle school students to develop reasonable dietary habits.