长沙市部分学龄前儿童饮食行为问题状况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解长沙市部分学前儿童饮食行为问题状况以及影响因素。方法 对长沙市2 242名学龄前儿童进行饮食行为问题和监护人喂养行为问题的调查。结果 长沙市部分学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生率为72.9%。各项饮食行为问题发生率由高到低依次为经历充沛胃口不好占53.5%、外因进食占48.6%、偏食挑食占40.1%、进食习惯不良占36.5%、父母过度关心占23.9%、情绪进食占10.1%、害怕进食占2.4%。饮食行为问题随着年龄的增长呈现降低的趋势，差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 187.1，P＜0.01)。logistic回归分析显示，父亲学历高是学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的保护因素，OR值95%CI为0.81(0.71～0.93)；家庭收入低、家庭成员有饮食行为问题、独生子女、存在不恰当的喂养方式、喂养时存在焦虑情绪是学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生的危险因素，OR值95%CI分别为1.21(1.01～1.43)、1.94(1.49～2.49)、1.67(1.25～2.26)、4.28(2.52～7.29)、5.13(3.02～8.71)。结论 长沙市学龄前儿童饮食行为问题检出率较高，今后应加强家庭教育，促进儿童饮食行为问题干预。

Analysis on the status of dietary behavior problems of some preschool children in Changsha and its influencing factors

The aim of this study was to understand the status and influencing factors of dietary behaviors of some preschool children in Changsha. Methods A survey of 2242 preschool children in Changsha was conducted on dietary behavior problems and guardian feeding behaviors. Results The prevalence of dietary behavior problems of some preschool children in Changsha was 72.88%. The incidences of various dietary behavior problems from high to low were 53.5% for poor appetite, 48.6% for external causes, 40.1% for eclipse picky, 36.5% for eating habits, 23.9% for parents over-caring, 10.12%for emotional eating, and 2.41% for afraid of eating. Dietary behavior problems showed a decreasing trend with age, and there were significant differences (χ2= 187.1, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that high father education was a protective factor for preschool children’s dietary behavior problems, with an OR value of 95% CI 0.81 (0.71-0.93). Low family income, family members with dietary behavior problems, only children, inappropriate feeding styles and anxiety during feeding were risk factors for preschool children’s eating behavior problems. The 95% OR value of the CI were 1.21 (1.01-1.43), 1.94 (1.49-2.49), 1.67 (1.25-2.26), 4.28 (2.52-7.29), and 5.13 (3.02-8.71). Conclusion The prevalence of dietary behavior problems among preschool children in Changsha was high. In the future, family education should be strengthened to promote children’s dietary behavior intervention.