江西省食品中镍含量调查与健康风险评估

目的了解江西省居民膳食食品中镍含量状况,对居民膳食镍暴露量及健康风险进行评估。方法对江西省9类食品中的镍含量进行检测和分析,参考WHO推荐的镍每日可耐受摄入量(TDI),对居民日常膳食镍暴露量进行评估,同时应用美国环保署(USEPA)的健康风险模型评价其安全性。结果江西省9类食品中镍平均含量为0.068～0.28 mg/kg,总检出率为82.9%,受镍污染较重的样品有大米、小米、禽畜肝脏、豆芽和四季豆等;江西省居民膳食镍的每日平均和偏高暴露量分别为2.69×10^-3和9.71×10^-3 mg/kg·d,分别占TDI的22.4%和80.9%,镍暴露的来源主要是大米和蔬菜,两类食品的贡献率占到82.9%;应用USEPA模型评价,若镍是非致癌元素,其引起的健康风险远低于国际放射防护委员会的推荐标准5.0×10^-5 /年,若是致癌元素,则高暴露人群的健康风险值是推荐标准的2.18倍。结论江西省部分食品中镍污染状况不容乐观,居民日常膳食摄入镍对高暴露人群存在较大健康风险。

Nickel content of food and health risk assessment of dietary nickel,Jiangxi

To understand the content of nickel in dietary foods of residents in Jiangxi，and to assess the health riskof dietary nickel exposure. Methods The nickel content in nine types of foods was detected and analyzed statistically.According to tolerable daily intake ( TDI) of nickel established by WHO，the residents’daily dietary exposure to nickel was evaluated. The health risk was assessed by health risk assessment model of the US Environmental Protection Agency ( USEPA). Ｒesults The average content of nickel in nine types of foods in Jiangsu was 0. 068 － 0. 28 mg /kg，and the total detection rate was 82. 9%. The samples heavily contaminated with nickel were rice，millet，liver of livestock，bean sprouts and green beans. The daily average and high exposure of dietary nickel of residents in Jiangxi were estimated to be 2. 69 × 10 － 3 and 9. 71× 10 － 3 mg /kg·d，accounting for 22. 4% and 80. 9% of TDI，respectively. The main sources of nickel exposure were rice and vegetables，and the contribution rate of the two types of food accounted for 82. 9%. Using the USEPA model，if nickel was anon － carcinogenic element，the individual health risk caused by nickel was far lower than the recommended standard of 5. 0 ×10 － 5 /year of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. If nickel was a carcinogenic element，the health risk value of the highly exposed population was 2. 18 times of the recommended standard. Conclusions The pollution status of nickel in some foods in Jiangxi province is not optimistic. The daily dietary intake of nickel by residents poses a greater health risk to people with high exposure.