陕西省一般人群全血和尿液中铬、镉和铅负荷水平分析

目的 了解陕西省一般人群血液和尿液中铬、镉和铅的内暴露水平及其分布特点。方法 2017年采用分层随机抽样方法，选取陕西省5个县（区、市）720名3~79岁人群为监测对象，采集血液和尿液样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测样品中铬、镉和铅的含量。检测结果定量资料组间比较，符合正态分布采用方差分析，不符合正态分布采用独立样本非参数检验。结果 陕西省一般人群中，血铬和尿铬几何均数分别为0.31μg/L和0.51μg/L，男性尿铬高于女性（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=7.276，P＜0.05）；血镉和尿镉几何均数分别为0.20μg/L和0.19μg/L，男性均高于女性（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=14.022、5.698，P＜0.05）；血铅和尿铅几何均数分别为16.24μg/L和0.47μg/L，男性均高于女性（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=50.157、5.173，P＜0.05）。城镇地区血铬和血镉几何均数高于乡村地区（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=36.815、17.222，P＜0.05），乡村地区尿铬和尿铅高于城镇地区（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=53.492、15.874，P＜0.05）。血镉和血铅，尿镉和尿铅浓度水平年龄段间差异有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=379.871、64.070、365.190、25.470，P＜0.05）。结论 陕西省一般人群血液和尿液中铬、镉和铅水平逐渐降低，铅平均水平偏高。铬、镉和铅存在地区间差异。

Chromium,cadmium and lead load levels in whole blood and urine of the general population,Shaanxi

To understand the internal exposure levels of chromium(Cr)，cadmium(Cd)，and lead(Pb)in bloodand urine of the general population in Shanxi Province，and to analyze their distribution characteristics.Methods In 2017，atotal of 720 people aged 3 to 79 in 5 counties in Shanxi Province were selected as the monitoring objects by stratified randomsampling.Blood and urine samples of each subject were collected，and the contents of Cr，Cd and Pb in the samples weredetected by ICP－MS.Quantitative data of the test results were compared between groups.ANOVA was used to conform to thenormal distribution，and Kruskal－Wallis Test was used to conform to the normal distribution.Ｒesults Among the generalpopulation in Shanxi Province，the geometric mean(GM)of blood Cr and urinary Cr were 0.31μg/L and 0.51μg/L，respectively.The GM of urinary Cr in male population was higher than that in female population(χ2=7.276，P＜0.05).TheGM of blood Cd and urinary Cd were 0.20μg/L and 0.19μg/L，respectively.The GM of blood Cd and urinary Cd in malepopulation was higher than that in female population(χ2=14.022，5.698，P＜0.05).The GM of blood Pb and urinary Pbwere 16.24μg/L and 0.47μg/L，respectively.The GM of blood Pb and urinary Pb in male population was higher than that infemale population(χ2=50.157，5.173，P＜0.05).The GM of blood Cr and blood Cd in urban areas was higher than that inrural areas(χ2=36.815，17.222，P＜0.05)，and the GM of urinary Cd and urinary Pb in rural areas was higher than inurban areas(χ2=53.492，15.874，P＜0.05).The levels of blood Cd，blood Pb，urinary Cd and urinary Pb had significantdifferences among different age groups(χ2=379.871，64.070，365.190，25.470，P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of Cr，Cd and Pb in blood and urine of the general population in Shanxi Province gradually decrease，and the average level of lead ishigh.There are regional differences in the levels of Cr，Cd and Pb.