宁夏3～5岁幼托儿童水痘疫苗接种率及影响因素调查

目的 了解宁夏3～5岁幼托儿童水痘疫苗接种率及影响因素，为宁夏水痘疫苗接种策略提供建议。方法 用PPS法抽取1 500名3～5岁幼托儿童，对其监护人进行问卷调查，了解目标儿童水痘疫苗接种情况和监护人对水痘疾病及疫苗认知情况。结果 收回有效问卷1 383份，回收率92.2%；被调查监护人主要是父母，占94%；水痘疫苗接种率为41.00%，及时接种率为33.11%，2剂次接种率为1.37%。银川市居住（OR = 0.335，95%CI: 0.231～0.486）、家庭收入高（OR = 0.569，95%CI: 0.401～0.807）、家中孩子少（OR = 0.548，95%CI: 0.342～0.877）、儿童在社区接种常规疫苗（OR = 0.455，95%CI: 0.309～0.670）是促进水痘疫苗接种的因素；监护人水痘认知水平差（OR = 2.421，95%CI: 1.690～3.468）是水痘疫苗接种的负向因素。未接种水痘疫苗儿童的监护人自述原因主要为不知道需要接种水痘疫苗（50.65%）、疫苗太贵（18.23%）和无水痘疫苗（17.95%）。结论 宁夏3～5岁幼托儿童水痘疫苗接种率低，多种因素影响接种率，需探索第二类疫苗接种筹资方式，降低经济负担，调整预防接种服务方式，提高服务可及性，加大重点人群宣传，提高水痘疫苗接种水平,控制水痘发病。

Investigation on varicella vaccination rate and influencing factors of children aged 3-5 years in nursery of Ningxia province

Objective To investigate the status of the varicella vaccination and its influencing factors in children aged 3-5 years in kindergartens in Ningxia,and to provide suggestions for the strategy of varicella vaccination in Ningxia. Methods1500 children aged 3-5 years old were selected by PPS, and their guardians were investigated by questionnaires. Results A total of 1,383 guardians were surveyed, the rate was 92.2%, and among the survey individuals, 94% were parents. The vaccination rate of the varicella vaccine was 56.0%, timely vaccination rate was 33.11%. Living in Yinchuan(OR=0.335, 95%CI: 0.231-0.486), higher family income(OR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.401-0.807), fewer children(OR=0.548, 95%CI: 0.342-0.877), and received routine vaccine in community health service station(OR =0.455, 95% CI: 0.309-0.670) are positive factors. Poor knowledge of varicella(OR=2.421, 95%CI: 1.690-3.468) is a negative factor. The main reasons reported were they did not know that the varicella vaccine was needed(50.65%), the vaccine was too expensive(18.23%) and no vaccine(17.95%). Conclusion Different cities, different family incomes, number of children, the guardian’s knowledge of varicella and the type of vaccination place are influencing factors of the varicella vaccination rates in Ningxia. It is essential to find a way to reduce the financial burden of self-funded vaccination, adjust preventive vaccination service, improve the accessibility of service, and increase the publicity of key groups, so as to raise the level of varicella vaccination and control the occurrence and epidemic of varicella.