南通市大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征及其吸入健康风险评价

目的 了解南通市大气PM2.5中重金属的浓度及其来源，评价重金属的人群健康风险。方法 于2017年和2018年每月10 - 16日在港闸区监测点进行PM2.5采样，共采集样品168份，监测其质量浓度，并采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP - MS）分析其12种元素的含量，利用富集因子法和主成分分析法识别元素的来源，并对人群进行呼吸暴露健康风险评价。结果 南通市2018年PM2.5中锑、铝、砷、铬、铅、镍、硒、铊浓度均低于2017年，差异有统计学意义(t锑 = 2.36，P＜0.05；t铝 = 5.68，P＜0.05；t砷 = 3.50，P＜0.05 ；t铬 = 2.77，P＜0.05；t铅 = 3.52，P＜0.05；t镍 = 2.03，P＜0.05；t硒 = 3.06，P＜0.05； t铊 = 3.81，P＜0.05)；重金属的富集因子（EF）高于10的元素有铍、锑、砷、镉、汞、铅、硒、铊。主成分分析表明南通市PM2.5元素主要来源于工业、交通和自然来源的混合污染等。铅、锰通过呼吸暴露的非致癌风险（HQ）均小于1，砷、铬、镉等元素致癌风险均低于10 - 5。结论 南通大气中重金属污染为复合污染，应从源头治理，从而保护公众健康。

Pollution characteristics and inhalation health risk evaluation of heavy metal particles in PM2.5 in Nantong

Objective To understand the concentration and source of PM2.5 elements in the atmosphere and evaluate the health risks of heavy metals in the population. Methods A total of 168 samples were collected to monitor the mass concentration of PM2.5 samples in the gate area from 10 to 16 days per month and the content of 12 elements was analyzed by ICP-MS in 2017 and 2018.The source of the element was identified by the enrichment factor method and the principal component analysis method, and the health risk of respiratory exposure was evaluated. Results The concentration of antimony, aluminum, arsenic, Chromium, lead, nickel, selenium, and thorium in PM2.5 in Nantong in 2018 is lower than that in 2017, and the difference is statistically significant(parameter of Student’s t test are 2.36, 5.68, 3.50, 2.77, 3.52, 2.03,3.06, and 3.81, respectively)(P <0.05). Elements with heavy metals above 10 are antimony, antimony, arsenic, cadmium,mercury, lead, selenium, and antimony. The main component analysis results show that the heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in Nantong mainly come from industrial production, transportation sources, and natural sources. The non-carcinogenic risk(HQ)of lead and manganese through respiratory exposure is less than 1, and the carcinogenic risk of arsenic, chromium, cadmium and other elements is less than 10-5. Conclusion Heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere is a compound pollution and should be treated from the source to protect the health of the population in Nantong.