山东省青少年抑郁现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解山东省青少年的抑郁现状及其影响因素，为青少年抑郁预防和干预提供科学的理论依据。方法 采用自编的基本信息调查表和流调中心抑郁自评量表（CES-D），以分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取山东省835名青少年进行问卷调查。应用单因素检验和多因素logistic回归分析模型分析青少年抑郁的保护因素和危险因素。结果 山东省青少年CES-D平均得分为（17.35±11.25）分，抑郁检出率为48.7%，可能有抑郁症状的青少年检出率为12.7%（102人），肯定有抑郁症状的青少年检出率为36.0%（共290人）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，学习成绩差（OR=1.57，P=0.031）、感觉课程难度难（OR=3.91，P=0.039）、家庭不和睦（OR=1.74，P=0.021）、权威型教育方式（OR=1.84，P=0.010）、社会关系差（OR=2.39，P=0.023）、不能获得帮助（OR=3.16，P<0.001）、内向型性格（OR=1.66，P=0.013）、心理健康差（OR=33.31，P<0.001）是山东省青少年抑郁的危险因素。结论 山东省青少年抑郁检出率较高，需要高度关注。学习成绩差、感觉课程难度难、家庭不和睦、权威型教育方式、社会关系差、不能获得帮助、内向型性格、心理健康差的青少年更容易出现抑郁症状。应定期开展心理健康状况筛查，采取综合措施进行预防和干预，降低抑郁等心理问题的发生。

Depression condition and its influencing factors of adolescent,Shandong

To understand the status and the influencing factors of depression of adolescents in Shandong Province, so as to provide effective prevention and intervention measures for it. Methods By using stratified-cluster random sampling method, a total of 835 adolescents were investigated with CES-D and self-made basic information questionnaire. Univariate testing and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the protective factors and risk factors of adolescent depression. Results The average score of CES-D of adolescents in Shandong Province was 17.35±11.25, the total detection rate of depression was 48.7%, and the rate of adolescents who might have depressive symptoms was 12.7%(102 Persons). The rate of adolescents with positive depressive symptoms was 36.0%(290 Persons). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk factors for depression in adolescents in Shandong Province included poor academic performance(OR=1.57, P=0.031), the perceived high course difficulty(OR=3.91, P=0.039), family disharmony(OR=1.74, P=0.021), authoritative education style(OR=1.84, P=0.010), poor social relations(OR=2.39, P=0.023), lack of access to help(OR=3.16, P<0.001), introverted personality(OR=1.66, P=0.013) and the poor mental health(OR=33.31, P<0.001). Conclusion The detection rate of depression among adolescents in Shandong Province is high, which requires great attention. Adolescents with poor academic performance, perceived difficulty in curriculum, uncomfortable family environment, authoritative education, poor social relationship, lacking of help, introverted personality and poor mental health are more likely to have depressive symptoms. We should regularly carry out mental health screening and take comprehensive measures to prevent intervene and reduce the occurrence of depression and other psychological problems.