父亲早期教养方式与儿童口腔不良习惯关联研究

目的 分析父亲教养方式对学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯的影响，为学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯的干预提供参考。方法 采取整群抽样方法，应用自编调查问卷、父母行为量表（PBI）及儿童口腔不良习惯问卷对芜湖市2 201名学龄前儿童的父母或主要监护人进行调查，应用卡方分割法进行不同组别学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯问题的比较，应用 logistic回归模型探讨父亲不同的教养方式与学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯的相关性。结果 芜湖市学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯总检出率为35.4%，男童的检出率（37.7%）高于女童的检出率（32.9%），差异具有显著性（χ2 = 5.45，P = 0.02）。logistic回归分析结果显示，父亲敌意强制程度高的教养方式能显著增加学龄前儿童吸吮手指（OR = 2.73 95%CI = 1.39～533）、喜爱吐舌、伸舌（OR = 4.25 95%CI = 1.54～11.71）、咬嘴唇（OR = 2.45 95%CI = 1.22～4.96）、咬指甲、玩具（OR = 1.75 95%CI = 1.03～2.96）、侧边咀嚼（OR = 3.93 95%CI = 1.57～9.86 ）、夜间磨牙（OR = 3.93 95%CI = 1.57～9.86 ）、不良姿势（OR = 4.23 95%CI = 1.69～10.63）等口腔不良习惯的发生风险。结论 父亲教养方式与学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯存在相关。

Relationships between parental rearing styles and oral bad habits in preschool children

To explore the relationships between parental rearing styles with oral bad habits in preschool children.Methods A total of 2201 preschool children from 7 kindergartens were investigated in Wuhu city, using a stratified cluster sampling method. Parents or primary caregivers completed child oral bad habits and Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI). Chisquare method was used to compare the oral bad habits of preschoolers in different groups. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between parental rearing styles with in preschool children oral bad habits.Results 2201 questionnaires collected were effective. The incidence of oral bad habits was 35.4%. The rate of oral bad habits among male students (37.7%) was higher than that among female students (32.9%) (χ2=5.45, P=0.02). Multivariate Logistic regression indicated prevalence rate of sucking fingers (OR=2.73, 95% CI=1.39-533), frequent tongue (OR=4.25, 95%CI=1.54-11.71), bite lips (OR=2.45, 95%CI=1.22-4.96), bruxism (OR=3.93, 95%CI=1.57-9.86), children biting nails, pencil(OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.03-2.96). The side of chewing (OR=3.93, 95%CI=1.57-9.86) was significantly higher among group of father support low grades than that among group fathers support high score. Conclusion The bad oral habits of preschool children are affected by their father’s parenting style.