小分子核糖核酸在前列腺癌中的表达及作为诊疗和预后标志物的研究

目前,前列腺癌(PCa)的诊断都是把血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)和数字直肠检查(DRE)两项指标做为诊断依据.然而这种方法 存在较低的阳性率和较高的误诊率等缺陷,近年来,新的诊断标志物已经应用于临床诊断中,如前列腺癌抗原3(PCa-3)和融合基因TMPRSS2-ETS等还处在试验阶段,所以发现可用于诊断和预后新的标志物仍然是必要的.最近的研究表明,小分子核糖核酸(miRNA)的表达有反向调控基因表达的作用,与PCa在内的多个肿瘤的生物学行为相关联,而且miRNA在不同肿瘤中表达存在差异,因而miRNA可以作为肿瘤潜在的诊断、预后及治疗的工具.该文通过回顾各种与PCa相关的miRNA的表达和研究进展,以阐明其在PCa诊断及治疗中的作用.

miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patients with prostate cancer

Current prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is based on the serum prostate-specific antigen biomarker and digital rectal examination.However,these methods are limited by a low predictive value and a high risk of mistaken results.In recent years,new promising biomarkers such as prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCa-3) and TMPRSS2-ETS fusion genes have been used in clinical diagnosis.However,the search of new biomarkers that could be used for PCa diagnosis and prognosis is still needed.Recent studies have demonstrated that the aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA),small non-coding RNA that negatively regulate gene expression,is related with the development of several cancers,including PCa.Since miRNA serve as phenotypic signatures of different cancers,they appear as potential diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic tools.Here,we review the current knowledge of miRNA expression patterns in PCa and their role in PCa prognosis and therapeutics.