Individual sequence variability and functional activities of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) suggest ancient and complex immune recognition models in invertebrates |
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Authors: | Romero Alejandro Dios Sonia Poisa-Beiro Laura Costa Maria M Posada David Figueras Antonio Novoa Beatriz |
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Affiliation: | a Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain b Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidad de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain |
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Abstract: | In this paper, we describe sequences of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (MuFREPs) with the fibrinogen domain probably involved in the antigen recognition, but without the additional collagen-like domain of ficolins, molecules responsible for complement activation by the lectin pathway. Although they do not seem to be true or primive ficolins since the phylogenetic analysis are not conclusive enough, their expression is increased after bacterial infection or PAMPs treatment and they present opsonic activities similar to mammalian ficolins. The most remarkable aspect of these sequences was the existence of a very diverse set of FREP sequences among and within individuals (different mussels do not share any identical sequence) which parallels the extraordinary complexity of the immune system, suggesting the existence of a primitive system with a potential capacity to recognize and eliminate different kind of pathogens. |
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Keywords: | PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns MBL, mannose-binding lectin MASPs, MBL-associated serine proteases MAC, membrane attack complex EST, expressed sequence tag LTA, lipoteichoic acid FREP, fibrinogen-related protein ORF, open reading frame PRRs, Pattern Recognition Receptors TLRs, Toll-like receptors |
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